The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Are Different in Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Study over a 6-Year Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Patients and Grouping
2.2. Clinical Data Collection
2.3. Clinical Outcome Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients
3.2. Clinical Outcomes of the Elderly Patients
3.3. Multivariate Logistic Regression
3.4. Trend Analysis for the Age and Outcomes in the Elderly Patients
3.5. Pattern of Mortality over Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Elderly n = 756 | Non-Elderly n = 4896 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years * | 71 (66–81) | 44 (36–51) | <0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 361 (47.8) | 3295 (67.3) | <0.001 |
Intervals from the onset to admission, hours * | 24 (11–44) | 24 (12–36) | 0.909 |
CCI * | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
Etiology, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
Hypertriglyceridemia | 42 (5.6) | 1933 (39.5) | |
Biliary | 417 (55.2) | 943 (19.3) | |
Alcohol | 15 (2.0) | 218 (4.5) | |
Idiopathic | 172 (22.8) | 1073 (21.9) | |
Mixed | 10 (1.3) | 223 (4.6) | |
Others ‡ | 100 (13.2) | 506 (10.3) | |
Referral, n (%) | 422 (55.8) | 2633 (53.8) | 0.294 |
Recurrent, n (%) | 208 (27.5) | 2326 (47.5) | <0.001 |
ASA classification, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
I | 240 (31.7) | 2409 (49.2) | |
II | 368 (48.7) | 2269 (46.3) | |
III | 14 (1.9) | 29 (0.6) | |
IV | 134 (17.7) | 189 (3.9) | |
Comorbidity, n (%) | |||
Diabetes mellites | 60 (7.9) | 360 (7.4) | 0.569 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 264 (34.9) | 335 (6.8) | <0.001 |
Pulmonary diseases | 61 (8.1) | 22 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Renal diseases | 12 (1.6) | 12 (0.2) | <0.001 |
Neurological diseases | 28 (3.7) | 5 (0.1) | <0.001 |
Liver diseases | 15 (2.0) | 114 (2.3) | 0.555 |
Admission laboratory markers * | |||
White blood cell counts, ×109/L | 12.76 (9.30–16.08) | 13.12 (10.03–15.97) | 0.077 |
Hematocrit, L/L | 0.40 (0.37–0.44) | 0.43 (0.39–0.46) | <0.001 |
Albumin, g/L | 39.31 (35.70–43.10) | 41.40 (37.80–45.30) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.04 (0.73–1.68) | 5.74 (1.65–13.10) | <0.001 |
Serum glucose, mmol/L | 8.33 (6.58–10.76) | 8.55 (6.37–11.69) | 0.192 |
Blood urinary nitrogen, mmol/L | 6.19 (4.90–8.30) | 4.88 (3.60–6.12) | <0.001 |
Creatinine, mmol/L | 79 (64–97) | 73 (60–84) | <0.001 |
Calcium ions, mmol/L | 2.16 (2.01–2.28) | 2.18 (1.96–2.31) | 0.382 |
C-reactive protein | 118.7 (74.92–177.94) | 125.71 (79.06–201.43) | 0.001 |
Interleukin 6 | 438.07 (177.45–609.01) | 349.34 (98.28–572.51) | <0.001 |
Admission severity scores * | |||
BISAP | 2 (1–2) | 1 (0–1) | <0.001 |
Glasgow | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 |
SIRS | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
SOFA | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
MCTSI | 0 (0–0) | 1 (1–1) | 0.001 |
Parameters | Full Cohort | Moderately Severe and Severe Acute Pancreatitis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elderly n = 756 | Non-Elderly n = 4896 | p Value | Elderly n = 398 | Non-Elderly n = 2493 | p Value | |
Mortality, n (%) | 30 (4.0) | 78 (1.6) | <0.001 | 30 (7.5) | 78 (3.1) | <0.001 |
Cause of death, n (%) | ||||||
Organ failure | 14 (1.9) | 25 (0.5) | <0.001 | 14 (3.5) | 25 (1.0) | <0.001 |
Infection | 2 (0.3) | 6 (0.1) | 0.655 | 2 (0.5) | 6 (0.2) | 0.684 |
Organ failure & Infection | 13 (1.7) | 41 (0.8) | 0.034 | 13 (3.3) | 41 (1.6) | 0.026 |
Other | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 1.000 | 1 (0.3) | 6 (0.2) | 1.000 |
Length of hospital stay, d * | 12 (8–16) | 9 (7–14) | <0.001 | 14 (9–20) | 12 (8–17) | <0.001 |
Hospital costs, ¥/person * | 21,375.1 (12,482.8–34,138.5) | 14,455.5 (8971.3–26,105.5) | <0.001 | 28,481.5 (17,111.8–49,404.8) | 22,311.0 (13,417.0–38,730.0) | <0.001 |
Length of ICU stay, d * | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.040 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.117 |
ICU admission, n (%) | 31 (4.1) | 143 (2.9) | 0.080 | 31 (7.8) | 143 (5.7) | 0.110 |
Local complication, n (%) | ||||||
APFC | 259 (34.3) | 2009 (41.0) | <0.001 | 259 (65.1) | 2009 (80.6) | <0.001 |
ANC | 50 (6.6) | 489 (10.0) | 0.003 | 50 (12.6) | 489 (19.6) | 0.001 |
IPN | 13 (1.7) | 67 (1.4) | 0.447 | 13 (3.3) | 67 (2.7) | 0.513 |
Infection, n (%) ‡ | 189 (25.0) | 581 (11.9) | <0.001 | 135 (33.9) | 481 (19.3) | <0.001 |
Lung | 150 (19.8) | 420 (8.6) | <0.001 | 110 (27.6) | 350 (14.0) | <0.001 |
Blood | 64 (8.5) | 206 (4.2) | <0.001 | 51 (12.8) | 183 (7.3) | <0.001 |
Urinary | 7 (0.9) | 42 (0.9) | 0.851 | 4 (1.0) | 38 (1.5) | 0.421 |
Abdominal drainage | 7 (0.9) | 67 (1.4) | 0.410 | 7 (1.8) | 62 (2.5) | 0.377 |
Persistent organ failure, n (%) | ||||||
Respiratory | 179 (23.7) | 878 (17.9) | <0.001 | 179 (45.0) | 878 (35.2) | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular | 34 (4.5) | 140 (2.9) | 0.015 | 34 (8.5) | 140 (5.6) | 0.023 |
Renal | 32 (4.2) | 144 (2.9) | 0.057 | 32 (4.2) | 144 (2.9) | 0.057 |
Duration of organ failure, d * | ||||||
Respiratory | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 | 1 (0–4.3) | 1 (0–4) | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.006 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.009 |
Renal | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.005 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.008 |
Organ supportive care, n (%) | ||||||
NIPPV | 130 (17.2) | 668 (13.6) | 0.009 | 130 (32.7) | 668 (26.8) | 0.015 |
IMV | 50 (6.6) | 230 (4.7) | 0.024 | 50 (12.6) | 230 (9.2) | 0.037 |
CRRT | 16 (2.1) | 69 (1.4) | 0.137 | 16 (4.0) | 69 (2.8) | 0.170 |
Severity, n (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
Mild | 358 (47.4) | 2403 (49.1) | ||||
Moderately severe | 206 (27.2) | 1586 (32.4) | 206 (51.8) | 1586 (63.6) | ||
Severe | 192 (25.4) | 907 (18.5) | 192 (48.2) | 907 (36.4) | ||
Necrosectomy, n (%) | 23 (3.0) | 163 (3.3) | 0.681 | 21 (5.3) | 148 (5.9) | 0.602 |
Cholecystectomy, n (%) | 80 (10.6) | 216 (4.4) | <0.001 | 38 (9.5) | 75 (3.0) | <0.001 |
Parameters | Elderly n = 756 | Non-Elderly n = 4896 | Crude OR (95% CI) | Crude p Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) † | Adjusted p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality, n (%) | 30 (4.0) | 78 (1.6) | 2.552 (1.663–3.917) | <0.001 | 2.911 (1.801–4.706) | <0.001 |
ICU admission, n (%) | 31 (4.1) | 143 (2.9) | 1.421 (0.956–2.112) | 0.080 | 1.739 (1.126–2.685) | 0.013 |
Persistent organ failure, n (%) | 192 (25.4) | 907 (18.5) | 1.497 (1.252–1.791) | <0.001 | 1.623 (1.326–1.987) | <0.001 |
Multiple organ failure, n (%) | 39 (5.2) | 184 (3.8) | 1.393 (0.977–1.985) | 0.066 | 1.757 (1.186–2.604) | 0.005 |
Infection, n (%) | 189 (25.0) | 581 (11.9) | 2.476 (2.055–2.982) | <0.001 | 2.451 (1.994–3.013) | <0.001 |
Variables | Mortality | ICU Admission | Infection | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Age (≥60 vs. <60 years old) | 2.911 (1.801–4.706) | <0.001 | 1.739 (1.126–2.685) | 0.013 | 2.451 (1.994–3.013) | <0.001 |
Sex (male vs. female) | 0.711 (0.479–1.056) | 0.091 | 0.705 (0.514–0.966) | 0.029 | 1.020 (0.864–1.203) | 0.817 |
CCI (>2 vs. ≤2) | 2.247 (1.045–4.831) | 0.038 | 0.980 (0.420–2.285) | 0.962 | 1.474 (1.012–2.148) | 0.043 |
Comorbidity (yes vs. no) | 0.788 (0.505–1.231) | 0.296 | 0.931 (0.657–1.318) | 0.686 | 1.025 (0.859–1.223) | 0.784 |
Referral status (yes vs. no) | 5.930 (3.319–10.598) | <0.001 | 5.071 (3.244–7.925) | <0.001 | 2.697 (2.247–3.237) | <0.001 |
Onset hours (≥24 vs. <24 h) | 1.068 (0.695–1.643) | 0.763 | 1.567 (1.090–2.251) | 0.015 | 1.571 (1.314–1.879) | <0.001 |
Admission HTG (≥500 vs. <500 mg/dL) | 1.733 (1.135–2.647) | 0.011 | 2.038 (1.463–2.837) | <0.001 | 0.986 (0.831–1.169) | 0.869 |
Variables | MOF | POF | ||||
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |||
Age (≥60 vs. <60 years old) | 1.757 (1.186–2.604) | 0.005 | 1.623 (1.326–1.987) | <0.001 | ||
Sex (male vs. female) | 0.876 (0.658–1.167) | 0.365 | 0.964 (0.832–1.116) | 0.622 | ||
CCI (>2 vs. ≤2) | 1.991 (1.126–3.522) | 0.018 | 1.640 (1.162–2.313) | 0.005 | ||
Comorbidity (yes vs. no) | 1.116 (0.828–1.505) | 0.471 | 1.208 (1.035–1.409) | 0.017 | ||
Referral status (yes vs. no) | 4.771 (3.233–7.039) | <0.001 | 4.570 (3.853–5.421) | <0.001 | ||
Onset hours (≥24 vs. <24 h) | 1.915 (1.370–2.675) | <0.001 | 1.693 (1.446–1.983) | <0.001 | ||
Admission HTG (≥500 vs. <500 mg/dL) | 2.279 (1.692–3.069) | <0.001 | 1.430 (1.233–1.659) | <0.001 |
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Zhang, S.; Chen, Z.; Hu, C.; Zhu, P.; Jin, T.; Li, L.; Lin, Z.; Shi, N.; Zhang, X.; Xia, Q.; et al. The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Are Different in Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Study over a 6-Year Period. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4829. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164829
Zhang S, Chen Z, Hu C, Zhu P, Jin T, Li L, Lin Z, Shi N, Zhang X, Xia Q, et al. The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Are Different in Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Study over a 6-Year Period. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4829. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164829
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Shihang, Zhiyao Chen, Cheng Hu, Ping Zhu, Tao Jin, Lan Li, Ziqi Lin, Na Shi, Xiaoxin Zhang, Qing Xia, and et al. 2024. "The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Are Different in Elderly Patients: A Single-Center Study over a 6-Year Period" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4829. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164829