Cognitive Function in Patients with Psychotic and Affective Disorders: Effects of Combining Pharmacotherapy with Cognitive Remediation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Assessments
2.3. Cognitive Remediation Training
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
3.2. Neurocognitive Performance
- SCIP total scores at baseline
- SCIP subscale scores at baseline
- Time interval between the two assessments
- Comparison of the SCIP total values at the two measurement time points
4. Discussion
- Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ICD-10 Code | Diagnosis | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
F20.0 | Paranoid schizophrenia | 30 | 55.6 |
F20.1 | Hebephrenic schizophrenia | 2 | 3.7 |
F20.3 | Undifferentiated schizophrenia | 1 | 1.9 |
F22.0 | Delusional disorder | 1 | 1.9 |
F23.0 | Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia | 1 | 1.9 |
F23.1 | Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrenia | 4 | 7.4 |
F23.8 | Other acute and transient psychotic disorders | 1 | 1.9 |
F25.0 | Schizoaffective disorder, manic type | 3 | 5.6 |
F25.1 | Schizoaffective disorder, depressive type | 7 | 13.0 |
F25.2 | Schizoaffective disorder, mixed type | 4 | 7.4 |
F2 total | Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders | 54 | 100.0 |
F30.2 | Mania with psychotic symptoms | 3 | 7.7 |
F31.0 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode hypomanic | 4 | 10.3 |
F31.1 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms | 2 | 5.1 |
F31.2 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic with psychotic symptoms | 12 | 30.8 |
F31.8 | Other bipolar affective disorders (Recurrent manic episodes) | 1 | 2.6 |
Mania subtotal | 22 | 56.4 | |
F31.3 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mild or moderate depression | 6 | 15.4 |
F31.4 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode severe depression without psychotic symptoms | 7 | 17.9 |
F31.5 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode severe depression with psychotic symptoms | 2 | 5.1 |
Bipolar depressed subtotal | 15 | 38.5 | |
F31.6 | Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mixed | 2 | 5.1 |
F30/31 total | Manic episode/Bipolar affective disorder | 39 | 100.0 |
F32.1 | Moderate depressive episode | 6 | 12.0 |
F32.2 | Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms | 11 | 22.0 |
F32.3 | Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms | 5 | 10.0 |
F33.1 | Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode moderate | 6 | 12.0 |
F33.2 | Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe without psychotic symptoms | 20 | 40.0 |
F33.3 | Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe with psychotic symptoms | 2 | 4.0 |
F32/33 total | Depressive episode/Recurrent depressive disorder | 50 | 100.0 |
Diagnosis | Total n | Female n | Male n | Age Mean (SD) | MWT-B Mean (SD) | Years of Education Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
psychotic disorders | 54 | 30 | 24 | 35.41 (10.93) | 27.11 (5.67) | 14.26 (3.51) |
bipolar disorder | 39 | 25 | 14 | 40.56 (14.56) | 28.85 (4.49) | 14.99 (3.65) |
depression | 50 | 29 | 21 | 38.70 (12.45) | 28.50 (4.99) | 13.94 (3.29) |
Timepoint 1 | Timepoint 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis | n | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Range | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Range | Improvement of Mean Values between Timepoints |
psychotic disorders | 54 | 64.98 | 12.872 | 36–89 | 73.00 | 11.808 | 42–100 | 8.02 |
bipolar disorder | 39 | 71.38 | 10.946 | 52–95 | 80.10 | 11.805 | 58–107 | 8.72 |
depression | 50 | 72.92 | 9.710 | 45–90 | 81.90 | 11.379 | 61–109 | 8.98 |
Diagnosis | Verbal Learning Mean (SD) | Working Memory Mean (SD) | Verbal Fluency Mean (SD) | Verbal Learning—Delayed Mean (SD) | Processing Speed Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
psychotic disorders | 21.35 (4.344) *# | 17.48 (4.437) # | 11.04 (4.273) * | 6.76 (2.363) # | 8.59 (2.716) # |
bipolar disorder | 23.49 (4.019) * | 18.64 (3.166) | 13.23 (4.457) * | 7.41 (2.035) | 8.82 (2.827) |
depression | 23.57 (3.266) # | 19.55 (3.163) # | 12.37 (3.712) | 8.08 (2.029) # | 9.84 (2.946) # |
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Maihofer, E.I.J.; Sachs, G.; Erfurth, A. Cognitive Function in Patients with Psychotic and Affective Disorders: Effects of Combining Pharmacotherapy with Cognitive Remediation. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4843. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164843
Maihofer EIJ, Sachs G, Erfurth A. Cognitive Function in Patients with Psychotic and Affective Disorders: Effects of Combining Pharmacotherapy with Cognitive Remediation. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4843. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164843
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaihofer, Eva I. J., Gabriele Sachs, and Andreas Erfurth. 2024. "Cognitive Function in Patients with Psychotic and Affective Disorders: Effects of Combining Pharmacotherapy with Cognitive Remediation" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4843. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164843