Effects of Environmental Conditions on Athlete’s Cardiovascular System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effects of Environmental Factors
2.1. Cold
2.2. Heat
2.3. Air Pollution
2.4. Altitude
2.5. Diving
3. Precautions for Individuals Practicing Sports in Adverse Environmental Conditions
3.1. Clothing and Environmental Protection
3.2. Pre-Cooling Strategies, Hydration, and Nutrition
3.3. Heat Acclimatization
3.4. Cold Adaptation
3.5. High-Altitude and Diving Adaptation
3.6. Organizational and Environmental Considerations
4. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Segreti, A.; Celeski, M.; Guerra, E.; Crispino, S.P.; Vespasiano, F.; Buzzelli, L.; Fossati, C.; Papalia, R.; Pigozzi, F.; Grigioni, F. Effects of Environmental Conditions on Athlete’s Cardiovascular System. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4961. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164961
Segreti A, Celeski M, Guerra E, Crispino SP, Vespasiano F, Buzzelli L, Fossati C, Papalia R, Pigozzi F, Grigioni F. Effects of Environmental Conditions on Athlete’s Cardiovascular System. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4961. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164961
Chicago/Turabian StyleSegreti, Andrea, Mihail Celeski, Emiliano Guerra, Simone Pasquale Crispino, Francesca Vespasiano, Lorenzo Buzzelli, Chiara Fossati, Rocco Papalia, Fabio Pigozzi, and Francesco Grigioni. 2024. "Effects of Environmental Conditions on Athlete’s Cardiovascular System" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4961. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164961