Interstitial Lung Disease Phenotypes and Predictive Risk Factors in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. ILD Definition and Characterization
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population and PSS Patients’ Characteristics Associated with ILD
3.2. PSS-ILD Patients’ Characteristics
3.3. Comparison of ILD-Onset and ILD-Incident Phenotypes
3.4. Risk Factors for ILD Development
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients Characteristics | ILD-Onset (n = 19) | ILD-Incident (n = 24) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age at pSS diagnosis, m (IQR) | 70 (60.1–72.4) | 57 (47.5–60.6) | 0.002 |
Age at ILD diagnosis, m (IQR) | 69 (58.4–71.3) | 68 (61.5–70.2) | 0.883 |
Sex male, n (%) | 5/19 (26.3) | 1/24 (4.2) | 0.072 |
Smoking history, n (%) | 3/19 (15.8) | 3/24 (12.5) | 1.000 |
GERD, n (%) | 6/19 (31.6) | 9/23 (39.1) | 0.750 |
Constitutional symptoms, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 2/24 (8.3) | 0.495 |
Lymphadenopathy, n (%) | 3/18 (16.7) | 9/24 (37.5) | 0.180 |
Salivary glands enlargement, n (%) | 2/19 (10.5) | 9/24 (37.5) | 0.077 |
Articular involvement, n (%) | 13/19 (15.8) | 12/24 (50) | 0.026 |
Cutaneous involvement, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 6/24 (25) | 0.027 |
Purpura, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 5/24 (20.8) | 0.056 |
Renal involvement, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 2/24 (8.3) | 0.495 |
Muscular involvement, n (%) | 2/19 (10.5) | 1/24 (4.2) | 0.575 |
PNS involvement, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 3/24 (12.5) | 0.243 |
CNS involvement, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 0/24 (0) | 0.456 |
Hematologic involvement, n (%) | 1/19 (5.3) | 10/24 (41.7) | 0.012 |
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, n (%) | 1/19 (5.3) | 2/24 (8.3) | 1.000 |
Raynaud’s phenomenon, n (%) | 11/19 (57.9) | 12/24 (50) | 0.760 |
Hypergammaglobulinemia, n (%) | 7/19 (36.8) | 16/24 (66.7) | 0.069 |
C3 hypocomplementemia, n (%) | 2/19 (10.5) | 5/24 (20.8) | 0.437 |
C4 hypocomplementemia, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 7/24 (29.2) | 0.012 |
Cryoglobulinemia, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 4/23 (17.4) | 0.118 |
ESSDAI, m (IQR) | 10 (8.8–13.3) | 9 (6.9–10.6 | 0.172 |
Double anti-Ro60/52, n (%) | 8/19 (42.1) | 15/24 (62.5) | 0.262 |
Isolated anti-Ro52, n (%) | 5/19 (26.3) | 6/24 (25) | 0.262 |
Isolated anti-Ro60, n (%) | 0/19 (0) | 0/24 (0) | 0.262 |
Seronegative, n (%) | 6/19 (31.6) | 3/24 (12.5) | 0.262 |
Anti-La, n (%) | 6/19 (31.6) | 11/24 (45.8) | 0.369 |
RF, n (%) | 5/19 (26.3) | 15/24 (62.5) | 0.031 |
MSGB FS, m (IQR) | 1 (0.4–2) | 1.2 (0.3–2.1) | 0.642 |
FVC %, m (IQR) | 79.4 (63.2–94) | 94 (82.5–106.7) | 0.207 |
DLCO %, m (IQR) | 66 (51.2–79.4) | 68.5 (62.9–76.1) | 0.872 |
Warrick score, m (IQR) | 18.5 (13.8–22-1) | 11.5 (8–14) | 0.006 |
NSIP, n (%) | 7/19 (36.8) | 10/24 (41.7) | 0.337 |
UIP, n (%) | 5/19 (26.3) | 3/24 (12.5) | 0.337 |
OP, n (%) | 1/19 (5.3) | 5/24 (20.8) | 0.337 |
LIP, n (%) | 1/19 (5.3) | 5/24 (20.8) | 0.337 |
NSIP + OP, n (%) | 3/19 (15.8) | 5/24 (20.8) | 0.337 |
NC, n (%) | 2/19 (10.5) | 0/24 (0) | 0.337 |
Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age at pSS diagnosis | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.417 | ||
Sex male | 0.81 (0.10–6.26) | 0.839 | ||
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 3.062 (1.323–7.07) | 0.009 | 3.81 (1.83–10.88) | 0.013 |
ESSDAI | 1.12 (1.03–1.22) | 0.011 | 1.10 (1–1.22) | 0.05 |
Salivary glands enlargement | 2.26 (0.96–5.33) | 0.063 | ||
Hypergammaglobulinemia | 3.09 (1.29–7.34) | 0.011 | ||
RF | 2.46 (1.05–5.75) | 0.038 | ||
C4 hypocomplementemia | 2.58 (1.02–6.49) | 0.044 | ||
Anti-Ro52+ | 3.853 (1.13–13.12) | 0.031 |
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La Rocca, G.; Ferro, F.; Sambataro, G.; Elefante, E.; Fulvio, G.; Navarro, I.C.; Moretti, M.; Romei, C.; Mosca, M.; Baldini, C. Interstitial Lung Disease Phenotypes and Predictive Risk Factors in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4963. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164963
La Rocca G, Ferro F, Sambataro G, Elefante E, Fulvio G, Navarro IC, Moretti M, Romei C, Mosca M, Baldini C. Interstitial Lung Disease Phenotypes and Predictive Risk Factors in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4963. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164963
Chicago/Turabian StyleLa Rocca, Gaetano, Francesco Ferro, Gianluca Sambataro, Elena Elefante, Giovanni Fulvio, Inmaculada Concepción Navarro, Michele Moretti, Chiara Romei, Marta Mosca, and Chiara Baldini. 2024. "Interstitial Lung Disease Phenotypes and Predictive Risk Factors in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4963. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164963