Mobility Requirements and Joint Loading during Straight Walking and 90° Turns in Healthy Older People and Those with Hip Osteoarthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Testing Protocol
2.3. Gait Analysis and Data Processing
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mobility Requirements of the Movement Tasks
3.2. Joint Loading during the Movement Tasks
3.3. Effect of Hip Osteoarthritis on Hip Mobility and Joint Loading
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Inclusion Criteria | Operationalisation |
---|---|---|
HOA | Radiologically confirmed HOA | Kellgren–Lawrence Score (K-L Score) of 2–4 |
Symptomatic HOA | Hip pain during activities of daily living within the last 3 months | |
Decreased hip function | Harris Hip Score between 65 and 95 | |
Unilateral HOA | Contralateral K-L Score ≤ 2; contralateral hip pain free within the last 3 months; unrestricted passive ROM of contralateral hip (sagittal ROM ≥ 90°; transverse ROM ≥ 15°; peak abduction ≥ 20; flexing contracture ≤ 10°) | |
Healthy | No radiological signs of HOA | Bilateral K-L Score ≤ 1 (if radiographic images available) |
No symptoms of HOA | No hip pain within the last 3 months during activities of daily living | |
Good hip function | Harris Hip Score ≥ 96 | |
Group | Exclusion Criteria | |
HOA | Secondary HOA caused by trauma | |
Contraindications of X-ray imaging | ||
Both | BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 | |
Orthopaedic injury of other joints of the lower limbs and back (e.g., pain, osteoarthritis > grade 1 (self-reported), endoprosthesis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute herniated disc, etc.) | ||
Neuromuscular disorders or neurological complaints (e.g., vertigo) |
Parameter | Straight Walking | 90° Step Turn | 90° Spin Turn | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy | HOA | Healthy | HOA | Healthy | HOA | |
COM velocity IC [m/s] | 1.36 (0.12) | 1.27 (0.19) | 0.97 (0.12) | 0.94 (0.14) | 0.96 (0.12) | 0.92 (0.19) |
COM velocity TO [m/s] | 1.39 (0.12) | 1.29 (0.19) | 0.98 (0.15) | 0.94 (0.16) | 0.97 (0.11) | 0.93 (0.12) |
Stance phase duration [s] | 0.64 (0.05) | 0.65 (0.05) | 0.70 (0.08) | 0.73 (0.10) | 0.74 (0.08) | 0.78 (0.14) |
Parameter | Straight Walking | 90° Step Turn | 90° Spin Turn | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy | HOA | Healthy | HOA | Healthy | HOA | |
Peak hip flexion [°] | 15.70 (5.75) | 13.69 (6.14) | 9.64 (5.58) | 8.18 (6.84) | 12.95 (5.55) | 12.49 (5.82) |
Peak hip extension [°] | −29.11 (4.5) | −22.56 (6.28) | −25.13 (5.76) | −20.32 (5.73) | −24.72 (5.25) | −20.08 (5.82) |
Sagittal hip ROM [°] | 44.81 (5.52 | 36.25 (8.34) | 34.77 (5.58) | 28.50 (8.01) | 37.66 (5.25) | 32.57 (6.49) |
Peak hip abduction [°] | 3.02 (2.58) | 4.02 (2.56) | 6.71 (3.37) | 5.47 (2.98) | 1.71 (2.92) | 1.95 (2.38) |
Peak hip adduction [°] | −9.04 (2.40) | −7.66 (2.30) | −2.61 (2.76) | −3.26 (2.53) | −11.25 (2.03) | −9.26 (3.12) |
Frontal hip ROM [°] | 12.06 (1.60) | 11.68 (2.69) | 9.32 (2.41) | 8.73 (2.39) | 12.97 (1.81) | 11.21 (3.00) |
Peak hip ext. rotation [°] | 1.90 (13.2) | 4.34 (10.5) | 7.68 (14.3) | 6.97 (11.5) | 15.41 (15.0) | 15.82 (11.1) |
Peak hip int. rotation [°] | −11.19 (13.1) | −6.59 (11.00) | −23.07 (16.0) | −13.82 (13.7) | −19.62 (13.9) | −13.20 (12.2) |
Transverse hip ROM [°] | 13.08 (3.56) | 10.93 (2.82) | 30.75 (5.97) | 20.79 (7.85) | 35.03 (8.45) | 29.02 (8.72) |
Parameter | Straight Walking | 90° Step Turn | 90° Spin Turn | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy | HOA | Healthy | HOA | Healthy | HOA | |
Peak hip extension moment [Nm/kg] | 0.93 (0.90) | 0.53 (0.19) | 2.82 (2.80) | 2.61 (2.74) | 2.50 (2.58) | 2.45 (2.46) |
Peak hip flexion moment [Nm/kg] | −0.96 (0.43) | −0.69 (0.18) | −2.63 (1.48) | −2.77 (1.80) | −2.62 (1.06) | −2.89 (1.06) |
Peak hip abduction moment [Nm/kg] | 0.20 (0.08) | 0.19 (0.09) | 3.89 (3.13) | 3.50 (3.01) | 1.33 (1.62) | 1.09 (1.35) |
Peak hip adduction moment [Nm/kg] | −1.10 (0.25) | −0.92 (0.10) | −1.29 (1.75) | −1.25 (1.47) | −4.28 (4.10) | −3.78 (3.63) |
Peak hip ext. rotation moment [Nm/kg] | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.20 (0.06) | 0.46 (0.52) | 0.58 (0.61) | 1.74 (1.22) | 1.37 (1.06) |
Peak hip int. rotation moment [Nm/kg] | −0.12 (0.11) | −0.07 (0.04) | −2.21 (0.94) | −1.81 (0.81) | −0.71 (0.69) | −0.69 (0.83) |
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Steingrebe, H.; Sell, S.; Stein, T. Mobility Requirements and Joint Loading during Straight Walking and 90° Turns in Healthy Older People and Those with Hip Osteoarthritis. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175021
Steingrebe H, Sell S, Stein T. Mobility Requirements and Joint Loading during Straight Walking and 90° Turns in Healthy Older People and Those with Hip Osteoarthritis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):5021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175021
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteingrebe, Hannah, Stefan Sell, and Thorsten Stein. 2024. "Mobility Requirements and Joint Loading during Straight Walking and 90° Turns in Healthy Older People and Those with Hip Osteoarthritis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 5021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175021