Longitudinal Impact of Disordered Eating Attitudes on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization in Young Women with Anorexia and Bulimia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Disordered Eating Attitudes
2.2.2. Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization
2.2.3. Sinus-Milieus
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Practical Implications
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sinus-Milieus Segment | Total (%) | Bulimia (%) | Anorexia (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Conservative Upscale Milieu | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.5 |
Post-Materialist Milieu | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 |
Performer Milieu | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.6 |
Expeditive Milieu | 12.7 | 12.6 | 12.8 |
Traditional Milieu | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2 |
Nostalgic Middle-Class Milieu | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
Adaptive-Pragmatic Middle-Class Milieu | 12.3 | 12.2 | 12.4 |
Neo-Ecological Milieu | 34.4 | 34.3 | 34.5 |
Precarious Milieu | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 |
Consumer-Hedonistic Milieu | 13 | 12.9 | 13.1 |
Eating Disorders (Total) | Bulimia (N = 134) | Anorexia (N = 337) | Anorexia vs. Bulimia | ||
Variable | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | t | d |
Drive for Thinness T1 | 4.29 (1.29) | 4.80 (1) | 4.09 (1.33) | −5.61 *** | −0.58 |
Bulimia T1 | 2.84 (1.57) | 4.25 (1.19) | 2.26 (1.33) | −15.01 *** | −1.54 |
Body Dissatisfaction T1 | 4.38 (1.12) | 4.83 (1.1) | 4.19 (1.08) | −5.66 | −0.58 |
Ineffectiveness T1 | 3.89 (1.04) | 4.00 (0.95) | 3.84 (1.06) | −1.52 | −0.16 |
Perfectionism T1 | 3.81 (1.02) | 3.68 (1.05) | 3.86 (1) | 1.71 | 0.18 |
Interpersonal Distrust T1 | 3.46 (0.92) | 3.60 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.93) | −2.12 | −0.22 |
Interoceptive Awareness T1 | 3.76 (0.99) | 4.11 (0.86) | 3.62 (1) | −4.92 | −0.51 |
Maturity Fears T1 | 3.43 (0.93) | 3.39 (0.95) | 3.44 (0.92) | 0.53 | 0.06 |
Asceticism T1 | 3.28 (0.91) | 3.32 (0.76) | 3.26 (0.97) | −0.56 | −0.06 |
Impulse Regulation T1 | 2.65 (0.78) | 2.87 (0.71) | 2.56 (0.79) | −3.87 *** | −0.4 |
Social Insecurity T1 | 3.60 (0.82) | 3.77 (0.75) | 3.53 (0.84) | −2.83 ** | −0.29 |
Depression T1 | 15.59 (5.89) | 12.39 (5.6) | 11.84 (5.75) | 0.07 | 0.01 |
Anxiety T1 | 10.94 (5.26) | 15.55 (6.01) | 15.60 (5.85) | 0.58 | 0.06 |
Somatization T1 | 12.00 (5.71) | 10.72 (5.16) | 11.03 (5.3) | −0.94 | −0.1 |
Depression T2 | 8.56 (5.82) | 9.01 (5.38) | 8.38 (5.99) | −0.97 | −0.11 |
Anxiety T2 | 6.71 (4.78) | 6.42 (4.36) | 6.82 (4.94) | 0.75 | 0.09 |
Somatization T2 | 8.26 (4.98) | 9.36 (4.94) | 7.82 (4.94) | −2.81 ** | −0.31 |
Eating Disorder (Total) | Bulimia (N = 134) | Anorexia (N = 337) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | β | t | β | t | β | t |
Outcome: Depression T2 | ||||||
Constant | -- | −4.26 *** | -- | −1.99 * | -- | −4.03 *** |
Age | 0.01 | 0.05 | −0.02 | −0.22 | 0.04 | 0.64 |
Drive for Thinness T1 | 0.08 | 1.31 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 0.1 | 1.29 |
Bulimia T1 | −0.01 | −0.16 | −0.07 | −0.73 | 0.03 | 0.56 |
Body Dissatisfaction T1 | 0.07 | 1.12 | −0.09 | −0.76 | 0.16 | 2.07 * |
Ineffectiveness T1 | 0.04 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.48 |
Perfectionism T1 | 0.06 | 1.21 | 0.06 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.86 |
Interpersonal Distrust T1 | 0.14 | 2.13 * | 0.15 | 1.4 | 0.11 | 1.33 |
Interoceptive Awareness T1 | −0.03 | −0.43 | 0.06 | 0.45 | −0.02 | −0.23 |
Maturity Fears T1 | 0.07 | 1.45 | 0.03 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 1.39 |
Asceticism T1 | −0.11 | −1.77 | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 1.65 |
Impulse Regulation T1 | 0.18 | 2.98 *** | 0.31 | 3.08 *** | 0.16 | 2.09 * |
Social Insecurity T1 | 0.11 | 1.51 | 0.12 | 0.85 | 0.11 | 1.2 |
Depression T1 | 0.25 | 4.21 *** | 0.3 | 3.01 *** | 0.23 | 3.12 *** |
Sinus-Milieus | −0.06 | −1.32 | −0.03 | −0.41 | −0.06 | −1.08 |
F(14, 369) = 15 ***, R2 = 0.36 | F(14, 97) = 5.5 ***, R2 = 0.44 | F(14, 258) = 10.33 ***, R2 = 0.36 | ||||
Outcome: Anxiety T2 | ||||||
Constant | -- | −2.98 *** | -- | −1.98 * | -- | −2.93 *** |
Age | −0.06 | −1.24 | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.04 | −0.74 |
Drive for Thinness T1 | 0.06 | 0.89 | −0.05 | −0.45 | 0.09 | 1.12 |
Bulimia T1 | −0.08 | −1.54 | 0.01 | 0.14 | −0.01 | −0.18 |
Body Dissatisfaction T1 | 0.09 | 1.41 | 0.1 | 0.82 | 0.14 | 1.82 |
Ineffectiveness T1 | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.17 | −1.24 | 0.02 | 0.24 |
Perfectionism T1 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.22 |
Interpersonal Distrust T1 | −0.01 | -0.16 | 0.03 | 0.33 | −0.03 | −0.38 |
Interoceptive Awareness T1 | 0.03 | 0.45 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.06 | 0.7 |
Maturity Fears T1 | 0.08 | 1.7 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 1.73 |
Asceticism T1 | −0.06 | −0.99 | −0.06 | −0.58 | −0.09 | −1.12 |
Impulse Regulation T1 | 0.23 | 3.78 *** | 0.37 | 3.57 *** | 0.19 | 2.39 * |
Social Insecurity T1 | 0.13 | 1.86 | 0.25 | 1.9 | 0.11 | 1.23 |
Anxiety T1 | 0.28 | 4.89 *** | 0.33 | 3.25 *** | 0.23 | 3.15 *** |
Sinus-Milieus | −0.06 | −1.38 | −0.12 | −1.48 | −0.05 | −0.85 |
F(14, 369) = 16.52 ***, R2 = 0.39 | F(14, 97) = 6.35 ***, R2 = 0.49 | F(14, 258) = 11.45 ***, R2 = 0.39 | ||||
Outcome: Somatization T2 | ||||||
Constant | -- | −1.99 * | -- | −1.98 * | -- | −1.99 * |
Age | 0.1 | 2.24 * | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.12 | 2.31 * |
Drive for Thinness T1 | −0.06 | −1.03 | −0.04 | −0.28 | −0.09 | −1.31 |
Bulimia T1 | −0.01 | −0.18 | −0.14 | −1.4 | −0.05 | −0.97 |
Body Dissatisfaction T1 | 0.1 | 1.65 | −0.02 | −0.13 | 0.11 | 1.65 |
Ineffectiveness T1 | −0.11 | −1.56 | −0.21 | −1.45 | −0.04 | −0.43 |
Perfectionism T1 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.09 | 1.11 | −0.02 | −0.31 |
Interpersonal Distrust T1 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.14 | 1.2 | −0.06 | −0.88 |
Interoceptive Awareness T1 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.27 |
Maturity Fears T1 | 0.05 | 1.19 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.08 | 1.58 |
Asceticism T1 | −0.1 | −1.72 | 0.03 | 0.25 | −0.13 | −1.81 |
Impulse Regulation T1 | 0.14 | 2.41 * | 0.17 | 1.6 | 0.09 | 1.3 |
Social Insecurity T1 | 0.15 | 2.27 * | 0.15 | 1.02 | 0.17 | 2.2 * |
Somatization T1 | 0.57 | 12.25 *** | 0.5 | 4.94 *** | 0.62 | 11.32 *** |
Sinus-Milieus | −0.06 | −1.39 | 0.01 | −0.04 | −0.07 | −1.45 |
F(14, 369) = 14.14 ***, R2 = 0.45 | F(14, 97) = 4.7 ***, R2 = 0.4 | F(14, 258) = 17.57 ***, R2 = 0.49 |
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Skalski-Bednarz, S.B.; Hillert, A.; Surzykiewicz, J.; Riedl, E.; Harder, J.-P.; Hillert, S.M.; Adamczyk, M.; Uram, P.; Konaszewski, K.; Rydygel, M.; et al. Longitudinal Impact of Disordered Eating Attitudes on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization in Young Women with Anorexia and Bulimia. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5078. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175078
Skalski-Bednarz SB, Hillert A, Surzykiewicz J, Riedl E, Harder J-P, Hillert SM, Adamczyk M, Uram P, Konaszewski K, Rydygel M, et al. Longitudinal Impact of Disordered Eating Attitudes on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization in Young Women with Anorexia and Bulimia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):5078. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175078
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkalski-Bednarz, Sebastian Binyamin, Andreas Hillert, Janusz Surzykiewicz, Elisabeth Riedl, Jean-Pierre Harder, Sophia Magdalena Hillert, Marta Adamczyk, Patrycja Uram, Karol Konaszewski, Martin Rydygel, and et al. 2024. "Longitudinal Impact of Disordered Eating Attitudes on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization in Young Women with Anorexia and Bulimia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 5078. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175078