Severe Cognitive Impairment in Trauma-Affected Refugees—Exploring the Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aim of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Population
2.2. Design and Procedures
2.3. Measures
2.4. Screening Cognitive Performance
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measure | Correlation (r) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
1. Cog. Impairment (SDMT) | - | ||||||
2. PTSD (HTQ) | −0.44 ** | - | |||||
3. Depression (HSCL-25) | −0.40 ** | 0.78 ** | - | ||||
4. Anxiety (HSCL-25) | −0.34 ** | 0.60 ** | 0.62 ** | - | |||
5. Pain Severity (BPI) | −0.27 ** | 0.29 ** | 0.19 * | 0.25 ** | - | ||
6. Pain Interference (BPI) | −0.39 ** | 0.45 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.44 ** | 0.68 ** | - | |
7. Health-related disability (WHODAS 2.0) | −0.46 ** | 0.70 ** | 0.67 ** | 0.63 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.57 ** | - |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β | B | SE B | β |
Cognitive Impairment (SDMT) | −0.60 | 0.10 | −0.46 ** | −0.32 | 0.10 | −0.24 ** | |||
Pain Interference (BPI) | 3.75 | 0.60 | 0.48 ** | ||||||
PTSD (HTQ) | 2.49 | 0.49 | 0.32 ** | ||||||
Depression (HSCL-25) | 13.09 | 3.49 | 0.35 ** | ||||||
Anxiety (HSCL-25) | 9.48 | 3.02 | 0.28 ** | ||||||
R2 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 0.61 | ||||||
F for change in R2 | 33.8 ** | 37.6 ** | 65.0 ** |
Measure | Head Trauma + LOC M (SD) | Head Trauma + No LOC M (SD) | F (DF) | Cohen’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cognitive Impairment (SDMT) | 26.34 (12.95) | 34.5 (15.32) | 4.26 (1.76) * | 0.61 |
PTSD (HTQ) | 3.13 (0.47) | 2.91 (0.51) | 2.37 (1.76) | |
Depression (HSCL-25) | 2.99 (0.55) | 2.87 (0.53) | 0.52 (1.76) | |
Anxiety (HSCL-25) | 3.01 (0.54) | 2.79 (0.60) | 1.87 (1.76) | |
Pain Severity (BPI) | 5.96 (2.29) | 5.60 (1.95) | 0.28 (1.74) | |
Pain Interference (BPI) | 6.71 (2.24) | 5.97 (2.40) | 1.15 (1.73) | |
Health Related Disability (WHODAS 2.0) | 65.81 (18.37) | 54.97 (14.61) | 4.11 (1.71) * | 0.61 |
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Nordin, L.; Bothe, S.K.; Perrin, S.; Rorsman, I. Severe Cognitive Impairment in Trauma-Affected Refugees—Exploring the Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175096
Nordin L, Bothe SK, Perrin S, Rorsman I. Severe Cognitive Impairment in Trauma-Affected Refugees—Exploring the Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(17):5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175096
Chicago/Turabian StyleNordin, Linda, Søren Kit Bothe, Sean Perrin, and Ia Rorsman. 2024. "Severe Cognitive Impairment in Trauma-Affected Refugees—Exploring the Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17: 5096. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175096