A Comparative Analysis of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the Malnutrition–Inflammation Score for Sarcopenia Risk Assessment and Negative Outcome Probability in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Patients (n = 109) |
---|---|
Demographic | |
Gender M:F (%) | 61.5:38.5% |
Age (median; years) | 61 (27–85) |
HD vintage (median; months) | 50 (6–168) |
Primary kidney disease (%) | |
Diabetic nephropathy | 28.4% |
Glomerulonephritis | 27.5% |
Hypertensive kidney disease | 16.5% |
Other | 27.6% |
Screening for sarcopenia and PEW | |
MIS (median) | 7 (5–21) |
SARC-F (median) | 1 (0–10) |
ISRNM PEW criteria (%) | |
Normal status | 21.1% |
Mild PEW | 29.4% |
Moderate PEW | 23.9% |
Severe PEW | 5.5% |
Comorbidities (%) | |
Diabetes | 26.9% |
CVD | 39% |
AH | 77% |
Median (Interquartile Range) | R (95% CI) | p * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-DM (n = 79) | DM (n = 30) | |||
Age (years) | 59 (46–72) | 69 (64.8–74.8) | 10 (4 to 16) | 0.001 |
HD vintage (months) | 46 (24–81) | 31 (14.3–47.8) | −16 (−30 to −5) | 0.004 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.26 (21.15–29.35) | 28.5 (24.9–32.0) | 3.26 (1.04 to 5.51) | 0.006 |
SARC-F | 0 (0–2) | 3.5 (0–6) | 1 (0 to 3) | 0.008 |
MIS | 7 (5–9) | 9 (6–11) | 2 (0 to 4) | 0.01 |
Prealbumin (g/L) | 0.31 (0.26–0.36) | 0.27 (0.2–0.3) | −0.04 (−0.08 to −0.01) | 0.01 |
Albumin (g/L) | 40.4 (37.3–43) | 36.5 (34.3–40.8) | −3.4 (−5.2 to −1.6) | 0.001 |
Total protein (g/L) | 67 (64–70) | 64.5 (59.8–69) | −2 (−5 to 0) | 0.12 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.15 (2.09–2.28) | 2.1 (2–2.2) | −0.08 (−0.14 to −0.01) | 0.02 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.44–2.16) | 1.7 (1.4–2) | −0.11 (−0.34 to 0.10) | 0.26 |
TIBC (µmol/L) | 40 (36–46) | 37 (34–42) | −4 (−6 to 0) | 0.02 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.4 (2.8–4.2) | 3.5 (2.7–4.3) | 0 (−0.5 to 0.4) | 0.87 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1–2.2) | 1.8 (1–2.8) | 0.22 (−0.19 to 0.68) | 0.29 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 109 (98–116) | 105 (100–114.3) | −2 (−7 to 4) | 0.51 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.7–6.6) | 6.7 (5.6–9.9) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.1) | 0.002 |
CRP (mg/L) | 2.7 (1–7) | 5.2 (2.7–14.2) | 1.8 (0.3 to 3.6) | 0.02 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 5.2 (4.8–5.7) | 5.3 (4.8–5.9) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 0.52 |
SARC-F (%) | p * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–3 (n = 80) | ≥4 (n = 29) | All Patients (n = 109) | ||
Sex | ||||
Male | 52 (65) | 15 (51.7) | 67 (61.5) | 0.21 |
Female | 28 (35) | 14 (48.3) | 42 (38.5) | |
Diabetes | ||||
No | 65 (81.3) | 14 (48.3) | 79 (72.5) | 0.001 |
Yes | 15 (18.8) | 15 (51.7) | 30 (27.5) | |
MIS | ||||
0–5 | 29 (36.3) | 1 (3.4) | 30 (27.5) | 0.001 |
≥6 | 51 (63.8) | 28 (96.6) | 79 (72.5) | |
CVD | 28 (35) | 14 (48) | 42 (38) | 0.21 |
AH | 65 (81) | 19 (65) | 84 (77) | 0.08 |
Weight reduction | 16 (20) | 14 (48.3) | 30 (27.5) | 0.003 |
Poor appetite | 7 (8.8) | 9 (31) | 16 (14.7) | 0.01 † |
ISRNM criteria | ||||
Normal status | 23 (28.8) | 0 | 23 (21.1) | <0.001 † |
Mild PEW | 30 (37.5) | 2 (6.9) | 32 (29.4) | |
Moderate PEW | 15 (18.8) | 11 (37.9) | 26 (23.9) | |
Severe PEW | 1 (1.3) | 5 (17.2) | 6 (5.5) | |
* Sarcopenic obesity | 11 (13.8) | 11 (37.9) | 22 (20.2) | |
Outcome | ||||
Negative (death) | 4 (5) | 3 (10.3) | 7 (6.4) | 0.38 † |
Positive | 76 (95) | 26 (89.7) | 102 (93.6) |
Median (Interquartile Range) SARC-F | R (95% CI) | p * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–3 | ≥4 | |||
Age (years) | 60 (47–69.75) | 71 (65–79.5) | 13 (7 to 19) | <0.001 |
HD vintage (months) | 40 (21–61.5) | 37 (18.5–74) | 0 (−13 to 14) | >0.99 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 (21.15–29.35) | 27.5 (24.6–31.5) | 3.18 (0.77 to 5.32) | 0.01 |
MIS | 6 (4.25–8) | 10 (7–11) | 3 (2 to 5) | <0.001 |
Prealbumin (g/L) | 0.32 (0.26–0.36) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.02) | 0.002 |
Albumin (g/L) | 40.55 (37.23–43) | 36.5 (34.2–40.5) | −3.3 (−5.1 to −1.5) | <0.001 |
Total protein (g/L) | 67 (63.25–71) | 65 (61.5–69) | −2 (−4 to 1) | 0.18 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.16 (2.09–2.26) | 2.1 (2–2.2) | −0.07 (−0.14 to −0.01) | 0.03 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.79 (1.46–2.16) | 1.6 (1.3–2.1) | −0.16 (−0.39 to 0.07) | 0.17 |
TIBC (µmol/L) | 40 (35.25–45) | 39 (34–42.5) | −2 (−5 to 1) | 0.27 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5 (2.9–4.18) | 3.4 (2.7–4.6) | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.3) | 0.37 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1–2.5) | 1.6 (0.9–2.3) | −0.05 (−0.39 to 0.36) | 0.86 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 109 (101–116.8) | 102 (94.5–111) | −7 (−12 to −1) | 0.02 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 (4.8–7) | 5.7 (5–7.8) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1) | 0.37 |
CRP (mg/L) | 2.8 (1–6.9) | 4.6 (2.3–8.3) | 1.2 (−0.1 to 2.3) | 0.10 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.9–5.9) | 5 (4.7–5.7) | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1) | 0.13 |
MIS (%) | p * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 (n = 47) | ≥6 (n = 62) | All Patients (n = 109) | ||
Sex | ||||
Male | 29 (61.7) | 38 (61.3) | 67 (61.5) | 0.97 |
Female | 18 (38.3) | 24 (38.7) | 42 (38.5) | |
Diabetes | ||||
No | 39 (83) | 40 (64.5) | 79 (72.5) | 0.03 |
Yes | 8 (17) | 22 (35.5) | 30 (27.5) | |
SARC-F | ||||
0–3 | 43 (91.5) | 37 (59.7) | 80 (73.4) | <0.001 |
≥4 | 4 (8.5) | 25 (40.3) | 29 (26.6) | |
CVD | 12 (25) | 30 (48) | 42 (38) | 0.02 |
AH | 37 (78) | 47 (76) | 84 (77) | 0.72 |
Weight reduction | 6 (12.8) | 24 (38.7) | 30 (27.5) | 0.003 |
Poor appetite | 0 | 16 (25.8) | 16 (14.7) | <0.001 |
ISRNM criteria | ||||
Normal status | 22 (46.8) | 1 (1.6) | 23 (21.1) | <0.001 † |
Mild PEW | 13 (27.7) | 19 (30.6) | 32 (29.4) | |
Moderate PEW | 3 (6.4) | 23 (37.1) | 26 (23.9) | |
Severe PEW | 0 | 6 (9.7) | 6 (5.5) | |
* Sarcopenic obesity | 9 (19.1) | 13 (21) | 22 (20.2) | |
Outcome | ||||
Negative (death) | 0 | 7 (11.3) | 7 (6.4) | 0.02 † |
Positive | 47 (100) | 55 (88.7) | 102 (93.6) |
Median (Interquartile Range) MIS | R (95% CI) | p * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
0–5 | ≥6 | |||
Age (years) | 57 (35–65.75) | 65 (56–75) | 11 (5 to 18) | 0.001 |
HD vintage (months) | 39 (20.5–57.25) | 41 (20–67) | 4 (−8 to 17) | 0.47 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.05 (21.22–30.57) | 25.1 (22.3–29.4) | −0.98 (−3.32 to 1.57) | 0.47 |
SARC-F | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–6) | 1 (0 to 2) | <0.001 |
Prealbumin (g/L) | 0.36 (0.31–0.44) | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | −0.08 (−0.12 to −0.04) | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 42.75 (41–44.15) | 38 (35–41) | −4.7 (−6.2 to −3.2) | <0.001 |
Total protein (g/L) | 69 (65.75–73) | 65 (62–69) | −4 (−6 to −1) | 0.003 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.16 (2.1–2.24) | 2.1 (2–2.3) | −0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) | 0.42 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.88 (1.54–2.21) | 1.7 (1.4–2) | −0.2 (−0.4 to 0.03) | 0.08 |
TIBC (µmol/L) | 41 (38.5–45.25) | 39 (34–43) | −3 (−6 to 0) | 0.02 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.5 (2.88–4.1) | 3.4 (2.7–4.2) | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3) | 0.74 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.1–2.2) | 1.6 (0.9–2.5) | −0.04 (−0.36 to 0.37) | 0.86 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 115 (109–119.3) | 105 (97–112) | −9 (−14 to −5) | <0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 (4.9–6.2) | 5.9 (4.9–7.4) | 0.4 (−0.1 to 1.1) | 0.15 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.9 (1–6.1) | 3.3 (1.6–7.3) | 0.85 (0 to 2) | 0.09 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 5.4 (4.9–6) | 5.1 (4.7–5.7) | −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.1) | 0.11 |
Bivariate Analysis | ß | OR | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | 0.19 | 1.21 | 0.26–5.70 | 0.81 |
Age | 0.04 | 1.04 | 0.98–1.11 | 0.19 |
HD vintage | −0.001 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.94 |
Diabetes | 0.73 | 2.08 | 0.44–9.92 | 0.36 |
CVD | −0.48 | 0.62 | 0.12–3.35 | 0.58 |
AH | 0.61 | 1.85 | 0.21–16.1 | 0.57 |
SARC-F | 0.19 | 1.21 | 0.96–1.53 | 0.11 |
SARC-F (≥4) | 0.79 | 2.19 | 0.46–10.5 | 0.33 |
BMI | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.82–1.11 | 0.53 |
MIS | 0.25 | 1.28 | 1.02–1.60 | 0.03 |
MIS (≥6) | 18.9 | - | - | >0.99 |
ISRNM criteria | ||||
Normal status | ||||
Mild PEW | 0 | 1 | - | >0.99 |
Moderate PEW | 18.2 | - | - | >0.99 |
Severe PEW | 20.8 | - | - | >0.99 |
Sarcopenic obesity | 18.9 | - | - | >0.99 |
Albumin | −0.16 | 0.86 | 0.71–1.03 | 0.09 |
Total protein | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.86–1.06 | 0.36 |
Calcium | −2.20 | 0.11 | 0.001–24.2 | 0.43 |
Phosphorus | 1.29 | 3.63 | 0.74–17.9 | 0.11 |
Cholesterol | −0.37 | 0.69 | 0.27–1.76 | 0.44 |
Triglycerides | −0.11 | 0.90 | 0.41–1.99 | 0.80 |
Hemoglobin | −0.02 | 0.98 | 0.92–1.04 | 0.48 |
Glucose | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.69–1.48 | 0.95 |
CRP | 0.06 | 1.06 | 1.01–1.12 | 0.03 |
Potassium | −0.08 | 0.93 | 0.31–2.76 | 0.89 |
Weight loss | 1.46 | 4.32 | 0.68–27.4 | 0.12 |
Reduced appetite | −18.4 | - | - | >0.99 |
ß | OR * | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
MIS | 0.467 | 1.59 | 1.11–2.29 | 0.01 |
Constant | −16.64 | 0.03 |
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Katalinic, L.; Juric, I.; Furic Cunko, V.; Premuzic, V.; Jelakovic, B.; Basic-Jukic, N. A Comparative Analysis of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the Malnutrition–Inflammation Score for Sarcopenia Risk Assessment and Negative Outcome Probability in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5554. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185554
Katalinic L, Juric I, Furic Cunko V, Premuzic V, Jelakovic B, Basic-Jukic N. A Comparative Analysis of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the Malnutrition–Inflammation Score for Sarcopenia Risk Assessment and Negative Outcome Probability in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(18):5554. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185554
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatalinic, Lea, Ivana Juric, Vesna Furic Cunko, Vedran Premuzic, Bojan Jelakovic, and Nikolina Basic-Jukic. 2024. "A Comparative Analysis of the SARC-F Questionnaire and the Malnutrition–Inflammation Score for Sarcopenia Risk Assessment and Negative Outcome Probability in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 18: 5554. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185554