Clinical, Diagnostic, and Metabolic Characteristics Associated with Nephrolithiasis in the Black Women’s Health Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS)
2.2. Supplemental Urinary Tract Function Questionnaire
2.3. Covariates
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BWHS Participants Invited to Complete the UI Web Questionnaire (n = 5780) | BWHS Participants Who Completed the UI Web Questionnaire (n = 2570) | Sub-Study Participants with Kidney Stones (n = 201) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean)(SD) | 59.1 (8.8) | 59.3 (8.6) | 60.8 (8.6) |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (mean)(SD) | 31.9 (7.2) | 31.9 (7.2) | 32.6 (7.1) |
% | |||
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | |||
<25 (normal) | 16 | 16 | 11 |
25–29 (overweight) | 30 | 30 | 31 |
≥30 (obese) | 54 | 54 | 58 |
Education (years) | |||
≤12 | 10 | 11 | 10 |
13–15 | 34 | 33 | 28 |
≥16 | 56 | 57 | 62 |
Geographic region | |||
Northeast | 27 | 28 | 28 |
South | 41 | 39 | 40 |
Midwest | 19 | 19 | 20 |
West | 13 | 14 | 13 |
Ever smoker | 35 | 37 | 38 |
Alcoholic beverages/week 1 | |||
<1 | 55 | 54 | 58 |
≥1 | 45 | 46 | 38 |
Missing | --- | --- | 4 |
Recent Medical visit (yes) | 78 | 79 | 82 |
Type-2 Diabetes | 23 | 21 | 31 |
Hypertension | 59 | 59 | 71 |
Hyperlipidemia | 51 | 52 | 58 |
Clinical Characteristic | % |
---|---|
Age at first kidney stone (years) | |
Median (IQR) | 45.4 (22.0) |
Range | 16–82 |
Number of stones in last year | |
0 | 74 |
1 | 20 |
≥2 | 6 |
Number of stones in lifetime | |
1 | 61 |
2 | 23 |
≥3 | 16 |
Currently have stones | 19 |
Number of CT scans for stones | |
0 | 29 |
1–2 | 59 |
≥3 | 11 |
Number of surgical procedures for stones | |
0 | 71 |
1–2 | 24 |
≥3 | 5 |
Ever metabolic workup for stones (yes) | 32 |
Among women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 54 |
Among women with Type-2 diabetes | 38 |
Clinical Characteristic | Ever Metabolic Work Up |
---|---|
% | |
Age at first kidney stone (years) | |
<30 | 15 |
30–39 | 16 |
40–49 | 25 |
50–59 | 21 |
≥60 | 23 |
Number of stones in lifetime | |
1 | 43 |
2 | 27 |
≥3 | 30 |
Number of CT scans for stones | |
0 | 11 |
1–2 | 67 |
≥3 | 22 |
Number of surgical procedures for stones | |
0 | 46 |
1–2 | 38 |
≥3 | 16 |
Number of metabolic syndrome components † | |
0 | 3 |
1 | 22 |
2 | 32 |
3–4 | 43 |
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D’Amico, M.; Babayan, R.K.; Wang, D.S.; Wason, S.; Cozier, Y.C. Clinical, Diagnostic, and Metabolic Characteristics Associated with Nephrolithiasis in the Black Women’s Health Study. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195948
D’Amico M, Babayan RK, Wang DS, Wason S, Cozier YC. Clinical, Diagnostic, and Metabolic Characteristics Associated with Nephrolithiasis in the Black Women’s Health Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(19):5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195948
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Amico, Maria, Richard K. Babayan, David S. Wang, Shaun Wason, and Yvette C. Cozier. 2024. "Clinical, Diagnostic, and Metabolic Characteristics Associated with Nephrolithiasis in the Black Women’s Health Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 19: 5948. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195948