The Effect of LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) for Children with Hearing Loss in Denmark including a Pilot Validation for the Danish Language
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Language Environmental Analysis (LENA)
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Recording Procedure and Data Collection
2.3. Transcription Procedure for Pilot Validation
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.5. Feedback to Parents
2.6. Questionnaire
- How did you find handling and using the LENA recorder?
Very hard Hard Neutral Easy Very Easy
- 2.
- Did the fact that your child was wearing the recorder change your typical manner of interacting with your child? To a large extent, to some extent, neutral, not much, not at all.
- 3.
- How did you find being recorded at home? Very unpleasant, a little unpleasant, neutral, fine, very fine.
- 4.
- Did you experience challenges in making your child wear the recorder? To a large extent, to some extent, neutral, not much, not at all.
- 5.
- Did the feedback result in the implementation of new strategies in the home environment according to the feedback received? Not at all, not much, neutral, to some extent, to a large extent.
- 6.
- Would you recommend LENA as a guiding tool for other parents participating in AVT? Not at all, not much, neutral, to some extent, to a large extent.
3. Results
3.1. Reports and Feedback to Parents
3.2. Individual Considerations from Feedback and Guidance to the Parents
3.3. Questionnaire
3.4. LENA Reliability
4. Discussion
4.1. Pilot Validation
4.2. Limitations of Study
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Count | Child 1 | Child 2 | Child 3 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 1st | 2nd | 1st | 2nd | |||||||
Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | |
Adult word count | 17,877 | 1117 | 21,583 | 1349 | 13,437 | 840 | 15,955 | 997 | 14,343 | 896 | 14,021 | 876 |
Conversational turns | 1359 | 85 | 552 | 35 | 568 | 36 | 740 | 46 | 872 | 55 | 968 | 61 |
Child vocalization count | 6083 | 380 | 2098 | 131 | 2199 | 137 | 2607 | 163 | 4388 | 274 | 4764 | 298 |
Count | Child 1 | Child 2 | Child 3 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st (Min) | 2nd (Min) | 1st (Min) | 2nd (Min) | 1st (Min) | 2nd (Min) | |||||||
Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | Day | Hour | |
Silence/background | 512 | 32 | 457 | 29 | 583 | 36 | 535 | 33 | 456 | 29 | 395 | 25 |
Noise | 25 | 2 | 26 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 31 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 1 |
TV/electronic | 12 | 1 | 58 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 44 | 3 | 81 | 5 |
Distant | 71 | 4 | 88 | 6 | 92 | 6 | 81 | 5 | 107 | 7 | 94 | 6 |
Overlap | 92 | 6 | 165 | 10 | 97 | 6 | 86 | 5 | 110 | 7 | 161 | 10 |
Meaningful | 245 | 15 | 163 | 10 | 160 | 10 | 213 | 13 | 228 | 14 | 214 | 13 |
Answer Options-Likert Scale | Very Hard | Hard | Neutral | Easy | Very Easy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Questions | |||||
1. How did you find handling and using the LENA recorder? | 3 answers | ||||
to a large extent | to some extent | neutral | not much | not at all | |
2. Did the fact that your child was wearing the recorder change your typical way of interacting with your child? | 3 answers | ||||
very unpleasant | a little unpleasant | neutral | fine | very fine | |
3. How did you find being recorded at home? | 3 answers | ||||
to a large extent | to some extent | neutral | not much | not at all | |
4. Did you experience challenges making your child wear the recorder? | 2 answers | 1 answer | |||
not at all | not much | neutral | to some extent | to a large extent | |
5. Did the feedback result in the implementation of new strategies in the home environment according to the feedback received? | * 1 answer | ** 1 answer | 1 answer | ||
not at all | not much | neutral | to some extent | to a large extent | |
6. Would you recommend LENA as a guiding tool for other parents in AVT? | *** 2 answers |
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Josvassen, J.L.; Hedegaard, V.A.M.; Jørgensen, M.L.; Percy-Smith, L. The Effect of LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) for Children with Hearing Loss in Denmark including a Pilot Validation for the Danish Language. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2688. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092688
Josvassen JL, Hedegaard VAM, Jørgensen ML, Percy-Smith L. The Effect of LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) for Children with Hearing Loss in Denmark including a Pilot Validation for the Danish Language. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(9):2688. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092688
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosvassen, Jane Lignel, Victoria Amalie Michael Hedegaard, Mie Lærkegård Jørgensen, and Lone Percy-Smith. 2024. "The Effect of LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) for Children with Hearing Loss in Denmark including a Pilot Validation for the Danish Language" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 9: 2688. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092688