Next Article in Journal
Predicting the Hamstring Graft Size for ACL Reconstruction Using a 3D Tendon Model in Preoperative MRI
Previous Article in Journal
Innominate Artery Graft Cannulation for Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Aortic Surgery: Clinical Findings and Feasibility
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
JCM
Volume 14
Issue 6
10.3390/jcm14062127
jcm-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Temperature Dynamics of Porcine and Human Lungs During Static Ice Storage: Ice Is Not 4 °C †

by
Ismail Cenik
1,2,
Jan Van Slambrouck
1,2,
Annalisa Barbarossa
1,2,
Xin Jin
1,2,
An-Lies Provoost
1,2,
Pratik Patel
3,
Lucas Churchill
3,
Ben Bulka
3,
John Haney
4 and
Laurens J. Ceulemans
1,2,*
1
Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
2
Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
3
Paragonix Technologies Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
4
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Abstract presented as mini-oral presentation at ISHLT 2024 (Prague), abstract number 6182.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 2127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062127
Submission received: 8 January 2025 / Revised: 2 March 2025 / Accepted: 7 March 2025 / Published: 20 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Transplantation: Current Progress and Future Directions)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Static ice storage (SIS) has long been accepted as the conventional lung preservation method, assuming to maintain 4 °C temperature. Although never directly confirmed by temperature measurements, this assumption has been widely accepted. We aimed to measure lung and preservation temperature with SIS in porcine experiments and clinical observations. Methods: Porcine lungs were preserved with SIS for 8 h (group I, n = 3) and 3 h followed by 10 °C storage (group II, n = 3). Tissue (tissueT°), first bag preservation solution (psT°) and second bag saline (salineT°) temperature were monitored. In clinical lungs (n = 4), psT° was monitored during SIS. Surface (surfaceT°) and core (coreT°) temperature were assessed before and after SIS (n = 62). Results: After 4 h in porcine lung group I, average tissueT° was 0.66 °C, psT° was 0.12 °C and salineT° was −0.02 °C. After 3 h in group II, average tissueT° was 1.90 °C, psT° was 0.57 °C and salineT° was 2.33 °C. In clinical observations, psT° was below 4 °C after 9–13 min and 0 °C after 78–267 min. After SIS, median surfaceT° was 1.25 °C (min-max; −3.2–9.2 °C) and coreT° was 1.45 °C (−0.4–4.8 °C). Conclusions: SIS leads to rapid temperature drops below 4 °C, approaching 0 °C within 2–4 h. The post-SIS lung temperature shows considerable variability and does not consistently remain at the commonly assumed 4 °C, posing potential freezing injury to donor lungs.
Keywords: cold ischemic storage; lung transplantation; static ice storage cold ischemic storage; lung transplantation; static ice storage

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cenik, I.; Van Slambrouck, J.; Barbarossa, A.; Jin, X.; Provoost, A.-L.; Patel, P.; Churchill, L.; Bulka, B.; Haney, J.; Ceulemans, L.J. Temperature Dynamics of Porcine and Human Lungs During Static Ice Storage: Ice Is Not 4 °C. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 2127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062127

AMA Style

Cenik I, Van Slambrouck J, Barbarossa A, Jin X, Provoost A-L, Patel P, Churchill L, Bulka B, Haney J, Ceulemans LJ. Temperature Dynamics of Porcine and Human Lungs During Static Ice Storage: Ice Is Not 4 °C. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(6):2127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062127

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cenik, Ismail, Jan Van Slambrouck, Annalisa Barbarossa, Xin Jin, An-Lies Provoost, Pratik Patel, Lucas Churchill, Ben Bulka, John Haney, and Laurens J. Ceulemans. 2025. "Temperature Dynamics of Porcine and Human Lungs During Static Ice Storage: Ice Is Not 4 °C" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 6: 2127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062127

APA Style

Cenik, I., Van Slambrouck, J., Barbarossa, A., Jin, X., Provoost, A.-L., Patel, P., Churchill, L., Bulka, B., Haney, J., & Ceulemans, L. J. (2025). Temperature Dynamics of Porcine and Human Lungs During Static Ice Storage: Ice Is Not 4 °C. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(6), 2127. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062127

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop