Differential Efficacy of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD Presentations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Design and Data Analysis
2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Pre- and Post-treatment Results for the Four Groups
3.2. Gain after the Intervention
3.3. Results of Pairwise Group Comparison
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | IQ | Age | Gender F/M | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | M | SD | M | SD | ||
ADHD-I | 15 | 96.67 | 13.947 | 9.667 | 1.128 | 6/9 |
ADHD-HI | 11 | 97.45 | 9.095 | 9.883 | 1.456 | 6/5 |
ADHD-C | 38 | 99.47 | 10.118 | 9.458 | 1.005 | 10/28 |
Total | 64 | 98.47 | 10.860 | 9.580 | 1.113 | 22/42 |
ADHD-I (n = 15) | ADHD-HI (n = 11) | ADHD-C (n = 38) | Total (n = 64) | |||||
Pre M(SD) | Post M(SD) | Pre M(SD) | Post M(SD) | Pre M(SD) | Post M(SD) | Pre M(SD) | Post M(SD) | |
Cz | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.51 (0.02) | 0.52 (0.02) | 0.55 (0.03) | 0.40 (0.06) | 0.49 (0.06) | 0.43 (0.07) | 0.51 (0.05) |
Fp1 | 0.51 (0.02) | 0.56 (0.04) | 0.43 (0.06) | 0.54 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.05) | 0.50 (0.04) | 0.42 (0.07) | 0.52 (0.04) |
OM | 79.20 (4.17) | 88.13 (5.08) | 89.64 (5.51) | 95.00 (7.29) | 75.97 (11.24) | 91.05 (6.53) | 79.08 (10.40) | 91.05 (6.63) |
COM | 93.66 (4.45) | 102.73 (5.86) | 91.00 (5.77) | 102.27 (9.28) | 86.55 (5.36) | 96.84 (8.40) | 88.98 (6.00) | 99.16 (8.41) |
VAR | 89.47 (6.49) | 96.13 (7.22) | 74.82 (9.23) | 89.00 (5.13) | 74.71 (6.64) | 88.92 (7.34) | 78.19 (9.40) | 90.62 (7.54) |
RT | 79.13 (3.81) | 91.00 (3.20) | 90.36 (4.27) | 92.55 (7.69) | 76.76 (8.50) | 90.29 (11.15) | 79.66 (8.58) | 90.84 (9.24) |
D′ | −1.15 (0.44) | −0.64 (.34) | −1.32 (0.86) | −0.57 (0.70) | −1.78 (0.62) | −0.81 (.54) | −1.55 (0.68) | −0.73 (.53) |
ADHD score | −2.92 (0.64) | −1.70 (0.87) | −2.84 (1.32) | −1.54 (1.34) | −4.45 (1.44) | −1.94 (0.86) | −3.82 (1.55) | −1.81 (0.96) |
H | 82.53 (2.72) | 81.27 (5.32) | 93.09 (3.14) | 82.00 (9.14) | 93.89 (2.72) | 84.79 (4.93) | 91.09 (5.52) | 83.48 (6.03) |
AD | 94.53 (2.64) | 85.60 (2.82) | 75.18 (10.82) | 69.91 (12.76) | 92.76 (4.44) | 83.76 (6.66) | 90.16 (8.93) | 81.81 (9.17) |
H + AD | 81.53 (10.07) | 76.73 (11.84) | 76.18 (18.30) | 70.36 (16.28) | 94.00 (3.54) | 84.92 (4.34) | 88.02 (11.79) | 80.50 (10.83) |
ADHD-I (n = 15) | ADHD-HI (n = 11) | ADHD-C (n = 38) | |||||||
t(14) | d | t(10) | d | t(37) | d | F(2, 59) | ηp2 | Post-hoc | |
Cz | −5.01 *** | 0.66 | −2.41 * | 1.08 | 10.38 *** | 2.41 | 5.39 ** | 0.155 | C > HI |
Fp1 | −6.06 *** | 2.29 | −4.54 ** | 2.03 | 11.62 *** | 2.7 | 7.18 ** | 0.196 | C&HI > I |
OM | −6.08 *** | 2.3 | −3.46 ** | 1.55 | 7.93 *** | 1.84 | 5.75 ** | 0. 163 | C > HI |
COM | −6.03 *** | 2.28 | −4.02 ** | 1.8 | 7.81 *** | 1.81 | 0.25 | 0.009 | |
VAR | −4.79 *** | 1.81 | −6.28 *** | 2.81 | 11.17 *** | 2.6 | 6.76 ** | 0.186 | C&HI > I |
RT | −10.43 *** | 3.94 | −1.10 | 0.49 | 7.49 *** | 1.74 | 5.10 ** | 0.147 | C&I > HI |
D′ | −3.22 ** | 1.22 | −5.81 *** | 2.6 | 7.78 *** | 1.81 | 2.59 | 0.081 | |
ADHD score | −6.16 *** | 2.33 | −2.93 * | 1.31 | 12.01 *** | 2.79 | 9.47 *** | 0.243 | C > HI&I |
H | 0.87 | 0.33 | −4.26 ** | 2.02 | 11.35 *** | 2.64 | 12.37 *** | 0.296 | HI&C > I |
AD | 11.68 *** | 4.41 | −3.03 * | 1.36 | 7.96 *** | 1.85 | 1.30 | 0.042 | |
H + AD | 1.67 * | 0.63 | −1.74 | 0.78 | 12.56 *** | 2.92 | 2.14 | 0.068 |
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Cueli, M.; Rodríguez, C.; Cabaleiro, P.; García, T.; González-Castro, P. Differential Efficacy of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD Presentations. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020204
Cueli M, Rodríguez C, Cabaleiro P, García T, González-Castro P. Differential Efficacy of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD Presentations. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(2):204. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020204
Chicago/Turabian StyleCueli, Marisol, Celestino Rodríguez, Paloma Cabaleiro, Trinidad García, and Paloma González-Castro. 2019. "Differential Efficacy of Neurofeedback in Children with ADHD Presentations" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2: 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020204