Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis and Data-Driven Approach
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Comparison between Males and Females
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FEATURE | Females (n = 192) | Males (n = 96) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||
Age onset of first symptom | 49.7 | 50.1 | 0.7928 |
Median disease duration until last follow-up (years) | 7 (0–26) | 6 (0–28) | 0.2450 |
Greek patients | 933 | 47 | |
Italian patients | 958 | 49 | |
GLANDULAR MANIFESTATIONS | |||
Dry mouth | 97% (186/191) | 91% (87/96) | 0.0266 |
Dry eyes | 94% (180/191) | 87% (83/95) | 0.0747 |
Salivary gland enlargement | 24%(45/186) | 32% (31/96) | 0.1900 |
Dry skin | 9%(14/148) | 7% (5/74) | 0.6715 |
EXTRAGLANDULAR MANIFESTATIONS | |||
Chronic Fatigue | 38% (57/148) | 27% (21/77) | 0.1733 |
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 26% (48/185) | 19% (18/94) | 0.3290 |
Arthritis | 9% (16/185) | 10% (10/95) | 0.7679 |
Arthralgia | 52% (99/192) | 47% (45/95) | 0.5320 |
Myositis | 0.5% (1/192) | 2% (2/96) | 0.2585 |
Interstitial renal disease | 1% (2/190) | 0% (0/95) | 0.5540 |
Primary biliary cirrhosis | 0% (0/192) | 2% (2/96) | 0.1103 |
Autoimmune hepatitis | 0% (0/192) | 2% (2/95) | 0.1103 |
Interstitial lung disease | 5% (9/192) | 8% (8/96) | 0.3309 |
SEROLOGY | |||
Rheumatoid Factor | 47% (84/177) | 51% (45/89) | 0.7278 |
Anti-Ro | 72% (136/190) | 73% (69/95) | 0.9628 |
Anti-La | 34% (64/189) | 50% (47/94) | 0.0128 |
LOW C4 | 22% (38/175) | 30% (27/89) | 0.1657 |
Monoclonality | 4% (7/192) | 7% (7/96) | 0.2866 |
Cryoglobulinemia | 6% (8/135) | 10% (7/73) | 0.4877 |
HISTOLOGY | |||
Focus score ≥ 1 | 80% (90/113) | 78% (42/54) | 0.5425 |
Median FS in positive biopsies | 1.383 | 1.477 | 0.2786 |
FEATURE | Females (n = 192) | Males (n = 96) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Palpable purpura | 9% (17/192) | 10% (10/96) | 0.8302 |
Vasculitic ulcer | 2% (3/192) | 1% (1/96) | 1 |
Glomerulonephritis | 0.5% (1/191) | 3% (3/96) | 0.1106 |
Peripheral nerve involvement | 2% (4/192) | 3% (3/96) | 0.6895 |
Lymphadenopathy | 9% (18/192) | 17% (16/95) | 0.0994 |
Central nervous system involvement | 2% (3/192) | 2% (2/96) | 1 |
Lymphoma | 5% (10/191) | 18% (17/96) | 0.0013 |
MALT | 80% (8/10) | 76% (13/17) | 0.99 |
DLBCL | 10% (1/10) | 18% (3/17) | 0.99 |
Prominent Feature * | Regression Coefficient | Odds Ratio | p-Value | CI Low | CI Upper |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lymphadenopathy | 1.869 | 6.549 | 0.0003 ** | 2.456 | 17.482 |
SGE | 0.689 | 2.006 | 0.129 | 0.853 | 4.724 |
Anti-La | 0.682 | 1.989 | 0.11 | 0.884 | 4.477 |
Female Gender | −1.119 | 0.332 | 0.011 ** | 0.148 | 0.742 |
Low C4 (<20 mg/dl) | 0.465 | 1.599 | 0.337 | 0.629 | 4.069 |
Monoclonal gammopathy | 0.537 | 1.728 | 0.512 | 0.353 | 8.592 |
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Chatzis, L.; Pezoulas, V.C.; Ferro, F.; Gandolfo, S.; Donati, V.; Binutti, M.; Callegher, S.Z.; Venetsanopoulou, A.; Zampeli, E.; Mavrommati, M.; et al. Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620
Chatzis L, Pezoulas VC, Ferro F, Gandolfo S, Donati V, Binutti M, Callegher SZ, Venetsanopoulou A, Zampeli E, Mavrommati M, et al. Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(8):2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620
Chicago/Turabian StyleChatzis, Loukas, Vasileios C. Pezoulas, Francesco Ferro, Saviana Gandolfo, Valentina Donati, Marco Binutti, Sara Zandonella Callegher, Aliki Venetsanopoulou, Evangelia Zampeli, Maria Mavrommati, and et al. 2020. "Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8: 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620
APA StyleChatzis, L., Pezoulas, V. C., Ferro, F., Gandolfo, S., Donati, V., Binutti, M., Callegher, S. Z., Venetsanopoulou, A., Zampeli, E., Mavrommati, M., Argyropoulou, O. D., Michalopoulos, G., Voulgari, P. V., Exarchos, T., Baldini, C., Skopouli, F. N., Fotiadis, D. I., De Vita, S., Moutsopoulos, H. M., ... Goules, A. V. (2020). Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(8), 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620