Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis and Data-Driven Approach
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Comparison between Males and Females
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FEATURE | Females (n = 192) | Males (n = 96) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||
Age onset of first symptom | 49.7 | 50.1 | 0.7928 |
Median disease duration until last follow-up (years) | 7 (0–26) | 6 (0–28) | 0.2450 |
Greek patients | 933 | 47 | |
Italian patients | 958 | 49 | |
GLANDULAR MANIFESTATIONS | |||
Dry mouth | 97% (186/191) | 91% (87/96) | 0.0266 |
Dry eyes | 94% (180/191) | 87% (83/95) | 0.0747 |
Salivary gland enlargement | 24%(45/186) | 32% (31/96) | 0.1900 |
Dry skin | 9%(14/148) | 7% (5/74) | 0.6715 |
EXTRAGLANDULAR MANIFESTATIONS | |||
Chronic Fatigue | 38% (57/148) | 27% (21/77) | 0.1733 |
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 26% (48/185) | 19% (18/94) | 0.3290 |
Arthritis | 9% (16/185) | 10% (10/95) | 0.7679 |
Arthralgia | 52% (99/192) | 47% (45/95) | 0.5320 |
Myositis | 0.5% (1/192) | 2% (2/96) | 0.2585 |
Interstitial renal disease | 1% (2/190) | 0% (0/95) | 0.5540 |
Primary biliary cirrhosis | 0% (0/192) | 2% (2/96) | 0.1103 |
Autoimmune hepatitis | 0% (0/192) | 2% (2/95) | 0.1103 |
Interstitial lung disease | 5% (9/192) | 8% (8/96) | 0.3309 |
SEROLOGY | |||
Rheumatoid Factor | 47% (84/177) | 51% (45/89) | 0.7278 |
Anti-Ro | 72% (136/190) | 73% (69/95) | 0.9628 |
Anti-La | 34% (64/189) | 50% (47/94) | 0.0128 |
LOW C4 | 22% (38/175) | 30% (27/89) | 0.1657 |
Monoclonality | 4% (7/192) | 7% (7/96) | 0.2866 |
Cryoglobulinemia | 6% (8/135) | 10% (7/73) | 0.4877 |
HISTOLOGY | |||
Focus score ≥ 1 | 80% (90/113) | 78% (42/54) | 0.5425 |
Median FS in positive biopsies | 1.383 | 1.477 | 0.2786 |
FEATURE | Females (n = 192) | Males (n = 96) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Palpable purpura | 9% (17/192) | 10% (10/96) | 0.8302 |
Vasculitic ulcer | 2% (3/192) | 1% (1/96) | 1 |
Glomerulonephritis | 0.5% (1/191) | 3% (3/96) | 0.1106 |
Peripheral nerve involvement | 2% (4/192) | 3% (3/96) | 0.6895 |
Lymphadenopathy | 9% (18/192) | 17% (16/95) | 0.0994 |
Central nervous system involvement | 2% (3/192) | 2% (2/96) | 1 |
Lymphoma | 5% (10/191) | 18% (17/96) | 0.0013 |
MALT | 80% (8/10) | 76% (13/17) | 0.99 |
DLBCL | 10% (1/10) | 18% (3/17) | 0.99 |
Prominent Feature * | Regression Coefficient | Odds Ratio | p-Value | CI Low | CI Upper |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lymphadenopathy | 1.869 | 6.549 | 0.0003 ** | 2.456 | 17.482 |
SGE | 0.689 | 2.006 | 0.129 | 0.853 | 4.724 |
Anti-La | 0.682 | 1.989 | 0.11 | 0.884 | 4.477 |
Female Gender | −1.119 | 0.332 | 0.011 ** | 0.148 | 0.742 |
Low C4 (<20 mg/dl) | 0.465 | 1.599 | 0.337 | 0.629 | 4.069 |
Monoclonal gammopathy | 0.537 | 1.728 | 0.512 | 0.353 | 8.592 |
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Chatzis, L.; Pezoulas, V.C.; Ferro, F.; Gandolfo, S.; Donati, V.; Binutti, M.; Callegher, S.Z.; Venetsanopoulou, A.; Zampeli, E.; Mavrommati, M.; et al. Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620
Chatzis L, Pezoulas VC, Ferro F, Gandolfo S, Donati V, Binutti M, Callegher SZ, Venetsanopoulou A, Zampeli E, Mavrommati M, et al. Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(8):2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620
Chicago/Turabian StyleChatzis, Loukas, Vasileios C. Pezoulas, Francesco Ferro, Saviana Gandolfo, Valentina Donati, Marco Binutti, Sara Zandonella Callegher, Aliki Venetsanopoulou, Evangelia Zampeli, Maria Mavrommati, and et al. 2020. "Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Clinical Spectrum of Male Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8: 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082620