Reconnecting Farmers with Nature through Agroecological Transitions: Interacting Niches and Experimentation and the Role of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Application to Almeria Agricultural Production System
“The integration of research, education, action and change that brings sustainability to all parts of the food system: ecological, economic, and social. It’s transdisciplinary in that it values all forms of knowledge and experience in food system change. It’s participatory in that it requires the involvement of all stakeholders from the farm to the table and everyone in between. And it is action-oriented because it confronts the economic and political power structures of the current industrial food system with alternative social structures and policy action. The approach is grounded in ecological thinking where a holistic, systems-level understanding of food system sustainability is required”.[77]
3.2. Current Problems in Conventional Agricultural Systems
3.2.1. Pest Management
3.2.2. Habitat Management
3.2.3. Soil Management
3.2.4. Management of Irrigation Ponds
3.3. Four Niche Experiments and Innovations to Transition from Conventional Agriculture to Agroecological Systems
3.3.1. Niche 1: Transitions in IPM and Biological Control
3.3.2. Niche 2: Transitions in Ecological Restoration and Landscaping for Pest Control
3.3.3. Niche 3: Transitions in Sustainable Soil Management
3.3.4. Niche 4: Transitions in Ecological Management of Irrigation Ponds in Greenhouses of Almeria
3.4. Summary of Niche Initiatives, Transitions, and Farmers Relationship to Nature
3.4.1. Niche 1: IPM and Biological Control
3.4.2. Niche 2: Ecological Restoration and Landscaping for Pest Control
3.4.3. Niche 3: Sustainable Soil Management
3.4.4. Niche 4: Ecological Management of Irrigation Ponds
4. Conclusions
5. Limitations and Further Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Giagnocavo, C.; de Cara-García, M.; González, M.; Juan, M.; Marín-Guirao, J.I.; Mehrabi, S.; Rodríguez, E.; van der Blom, J.; Crisol-Martínez, E. Reconnecting Farmers with Nature through Agroecological Transitions: Interacting Niches and Experimentation and the Role of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems. Agriculture 2022, 12, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020137
Giagnocavo C, de Cara-García M, González M, Juan M, Marín-Guirao JI, Mehrabi S, Rodríguez E, van der Blom J, Crisol-Martínez E. Reconnecting Farmers with Nature through Agroecological Transitions: Interacting Niches and Experimentation and the Role of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems. Agriculture. 2022; 12(2):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020137
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiagnocavo, Cynthia, Miguel de Cara-García, Mónica González, Melchor Juan, José Ignacio Marín-Guirao, Sepide Mehrabi, Estefanía Rodríguez, Jan van der Blom, and Eduardo Crisol-Martínez. 2022. "Reconnecting Farmers with Nature through Agroecological Transitions: Interacting Niches and Experimentation and the Role of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems" Agriculture 12, no. 2: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020137