Anti-Inflammatory and T-Cell Immunomodulatory Effects of Banana Peel Extracts and Selected Bioactive Components in LPS-Challenged In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Plant Materials and Preparation of Banana Peel Extracts
2.3. Cell Culture and Treatment
2.4. Western Blotting
2.5. LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation in Mice
2.6. Murine Primary Spleen and PEC Cell Culture
2.7. Nitric Oxide Determination
2.8. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Assay
2.9. Flow Cytometry
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of BP Extracts in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages
3.2. Identification of Bioactive Compounds in BP-95E-H2O-BuOH Subfractions
3.3. In Vivo Anti-Ianflammatory Effects of BP-95E-H2O-BuOH Subfractions
3.4. Effects of BP-95E-H2O-BuOH extracts on the Regulation of Lymphocytes
3.5. Effects of BP Extracts on the Survival Rate and Time in LPS-Challenged Mice
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Control a | L-BP | H-BP | PDTC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Serum b | ||||
IL-6 | 755 ± 88 | 661 ± 78 | 556 ± 75 * | 562 ± 43 * |
TNF-α | 0.99 ± 0.11 | 0.66 ± 0.10 * | 0.69 ± 0.13 * | 0.14 ± 0.04 ** |
PECs (spontaneous, without LPS) c | ||||
NO | 10.30 ± 1.74 | 11.50 ± 2.35 | 9.83 ± 2.19 | 10.20 ± 1.83 |
IL-6 | 8.10 ± 0.52 | 5.18 ± 0.69 ** | 5.14 ± 0.69 ** | 4.55 ± 0.73 ** |
TNF-α | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.02 * |
PECs (LPS stimulation) | ||||
NO | 18.50 ± 3.87 | 17.40 ± 3.85 | 16.30 ± 3.61 | 16.90 ± 3.44 |
IL-6 | 23.50 ± 3.45 | 11.50 ± 2.61 * | 11.30 ± 1.99 ** | 12.80 ± 3.69 * |
TNF-α | 0.69 ± 0.11 | 0.56 ± 0.14 | 0.77 ± 0.14 | 0.22 ± 0.07 ** |
Groups | Control a | L-BP | H-BP | PDTC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Spontaneous (without Con A) b | ||||
IFN-γ | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.01 ** | 0.09 ± 0.02 ** | 0.12 ± 0.02 * |
IL-4 | 6.52 ± 1.06 | 6.38 ± 2.07 | 5.19 ± 1.38 | 10.4 ± 2.49 |
IL-6 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.15 ± 0.04 |
IL-10 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.18 |
Con A stimulation c | ||||
IFN-γ | 5.35 ± 1.06 | 3.33 ± 1.10 | 2.38 ± 0.47 * | 2.94 ± 0.95 * |
IL-4 | 24.8 ± 9.25 | 34.1 ± 11.1 | 64.2 ± 16.7 | 90.10 ± 32.90 |
IL-6 | 0.63 ± 0.10 | 0.70 ± 0.17 | 0.25 ± 0.06 * | 0.83 ± 0.18 * |
IL-10 | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.61 ± 0.20 | 0.81 ± 0.24 | 1.98 ± 0.37 * |
T-cell populations d | ||||
CD3CD69 | 23.8 ± 4.56 | 19.3 ± 5.24 | 15.9 ± 4.17 * | 18.3 ± 3.41 * |
CD3CD4CD25 | 65.3 ± 4.89 | 67.4 ± 5.89 | 65.6 ± 1.62 | 63.4 ± 2.90 |
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Hong, Y.-H.; Kao, C.; Chang, C.-C.; Chang, F.-K.; Song, T.-Y.; Houng, J.-Y.; Wu, C.-H. Anti-Inflammatory and T-Cell Immunomodulatory Effects of Banana Peel Extracts and Selected Bioactive Components in LPS-Challenged In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Agriculture 2023, 13, 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020451
Hong Y-H, Kao C, Chang C-C, Chang F-K, Song T-Y, Houng J-Y, Wu C-H. Anti-Inflammatory and T-Cell Immunomodulatory Effects of Banana Peel Extracts and Selected Bioactive Components in LPS-Challenged In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Agriculture. 2023; 13(2):451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020451
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Yong-Han, Chieh Kao, Chi-Chang Chang, Fu-Kuei Chang, Tuzz-Ying Song, Jer-Yiing Houng, and Chi-Hao Wu. 2023. "Anti-Inflammatory and T-Cell Immunomodulatory Effects of Banana Peel Extracts and Selected Bioactive Components in LPS-Challenged In Vitro and In Vivo Models" Agriculture 13, no. 2: 451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020451