Spatial Distribution Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Different Leisure Agriculture Types in the City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Literature Review
1.2. Definition of Concepts
- Resort: The resort is a popular vacation spot that offers a variety of services, including lodging, recreational facilities, and entertainment options. Typically situated in picturesque locations, resorts boast a plethora of amenities such as swimming pools and golf courses to cater to the leisure and vacation requirements of tourists. Their main objective is to provide visitors with a complete relaxation and entertainment experience.
- Rural homestay: A rural homestay is a place where rural or city residents transform their homes into places to receive tourists, offering simple but unique accommodations. Rural homestays usually offer bed and breakfast personalized services and focus on providing family-style, friendly service.
- Agritainment: Agritainment is usually a place where farmers or farm owners transform their farmland into a place to receive tourists, which is small in scale and easy to manage and operate. It provides tourists with agricultural experience, farming participation, food and lodgings, and other services. Agritainment focuses on showcasing rural life, experiencing agricultural culture, and providing opportunities to spend time with nature.
- Agricultural park: An agricultural park is a place where agricultural production and operation and sightseeing tourism are combined. It can be a large farm or agricultural park, providing activities such as agricultural sightseeing, agricultural product picking, and farming experience. Agricultural parks focus on showcasing modern agricultural development, with large tracts of land managed in a unified and centralized manner.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Area Overview
2.2. Data Resources
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Kernel Density Analysis
2.3.2. Spatial Gini Coefficient
2.3.3. Nearest Neighbor Index Method
2.3.4. Coefficient of Variation
2.3.5. Riley’s K Function
2.3.6. Analysis of Accessibility
2.3.7. Analysis of Geographic Detector
2.3.8. Analysis of Spatial Principal Component
3. Results
3.1. Spatial Distribution of Leisure Agriculture Characteristics
3.1.1. Spatial Pattern of Leisure Agriculture
3.1.2. Concentration and Equilibrium of Spatial Distribution of Leisure Agriculture
3.2. Elements Influencing the Spatial Distribution of Leisure Agriculture’s Heterogeneity
3.2.1. Basis for Establishing the Impact Factor
3.2.2. Empirical Analysis of Impact Factors
4. Discussion
5. Practical Insights
- Concerning the government, the government should create appropriate forms of leisure agriculture and execute effective development strategies for various kinds of leisure agriculture based on local conditions. For instance, while agricultural attractions and parks require government guidance, resorts require more government investment. In addition, accessibility distance somewhat influences the distribution of leisure agriculture, and transportation facilities should be continually improved to offer city residents convenient services to experience rural life and encourage market flows.
- As for agricultural resources and the environment, water resources are crucial to agricultural tourism and should be subject to ongoing protection measures. In addition, agricultural resources are integrated and exploited to form a clustered agrotourism landscape. While operating and managing, ensure the sustainable development of the ecological environment and do not overdevelop.
- As for the parties involved in the operation, they should carry out appropriate forms of leisure agriculture by using geographical advantages, such as creating rural lodgings near beautiful areas or city centers and carrying out farmhouse activities close to the water. Additionally, the area can be chosen according to the business model decided for leisure agriculture.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data Type | Data Description | Data Source |
---|---|---|
POI data | point of interest | https://lbsyun.baidu.com/, accessed on September 2022 |
DEM data | 2022 elevation raster data with a 30 m spatial resolution | https://www.gscloud.cn/ accessed on 2023 |
NDVI data | 2020 observations with a time resolution of one year and a spatial resolution of 30 m | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111395. |
Socioeconomic data | gross regional product (GDP), regional population data, government investment in cultural and tourism industry, | http://tjj.xa.gov.cn/tjnj/2022.htm accessed on 2022 |
Degree of policy support | Statistics on relevant documents | https://www.xa.gov.cn/index.html accessed on June 2023 |
Road network, water area vector data | road network vector polyline data, water vector polygon data | https://www.openstreetmap.org accessed on 2022 |
Provincial Map of China Review | No. GS(2020)4619, Vector Data | http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/index.html accessed on 2022 |
A-grade scenic spot | including all scenic spot vector point data for Xi’an 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A | http://whhlyt.shaanxi.gov.cn/ accessed on 2022 |
Project Level | Factor Level | q Statistic | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Social factor | Population (X1) | 0.256802 | 0.000 |
GDP (X2) | 0.179414 | 0.000 | |
Government investment in culture and tourism (X3) | 0.151682 | 0.000 | |
Degree of policy support (X4) | 0.13882 | 0.000 | |
Nature factor | NDVI (X5) | 0.028301 | 0.000 |
DEM (X6) | 0.081927 | 0.000 | |
Regional factor | Distance to water area (X7) | 0.054637 | 0.000 |
Distance to A-grade scenic spot (X8) | 0.165136 | 0.000 | |
Transportation accessibility (X9) | 0.234289 | 0.000 |
Types | PC Factor | Total | Variance Percentage | Cumulative Percentage | Dominant Factor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resorts | PC1 | 3.426 | 38.064 | 38.064 | Transportation accessibility, NDVI |
PC2 | 1.699 | 18.878 | 56.941 | GDP | |
PC3 | 1.389 | 15.435 | 72.376 | Distance to A-grade scenic spot | |
PC4 | 0.896 | 9.952 | 82.328 | Government investment in culture and tourism | |
Rural Homestays | PC1 | 3.028 | 33.644 | 33.644 | Transportation accessibility, NDVI |
PC2 | 1.813 | 20.144 | 53.787 | GDP | |
PC3 | 1.132 | 12.573 | 66.361 | Distance to A-grade scenic spot | |
PC4 | 0.78 | 8.663 | 75.023 | Distance to the water area | |
Agritainments | PC1 | 1.717 | 19.076 | 19.076 | Degree of policy support |
PC2 | 1.392 | 15.468 | 34.545 | Distance to the water area | |
PC3 | 1.29 | 14.33 | 48.874 | Transportation accessibility | |
PC4 | 1.039 | 11.547 | 60.421 | DEM | |
Agricultural Parks | PC1 | 2.522 | 28.027 | 28.027 | DEM, Transportation accessibility |
PC2 | 1.583 | 17.584 | 45.611 | GDP | |
PC3 | 1.189 | 13.207 | 58.818 | Distance to the water area | |
PC4 | 1.029 | 11.432 | 70.25 | Degree of policy support |
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Wu, Y.; Chen, J. Spatial Distribution Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Different Leisure Agriculture Types in the City. Agriculture 2023, 13, 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091730
Wu Y, Chen J. Spatial Distribution Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Different Leisure Agriculture Types in the City. Agriculture. 2023; 13(9):1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091730
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yuyu, and Jia Chen. 2023. "Spatial Distribution Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Different Leisure Agriculture Types in the City" Agriculture 13, no. 9: 1730. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091730