Response of Quality and Yield of Foxtail Millet to Nitrogen and Zinc Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Field and Phenology
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Chemical Methods
2.3.1. Crude Fat
2.3.2. Crude Protein and Protein Components
2.3.3. Protein Components
2.3.4. Straight Chain, Pullulan
2.3.5. Total Carotenoid Content
2.3.6. Total Flavonoids
2.3.7. Mineral Elements
2.3.8. Phytic Acid Content
2.3.9. Yield and Its Constituent Factors
2.4. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Combined Application of Zinc Nitrogen on Crude Fat Content of Foxtail Millet
3.2. Effects of Combined Application of Zinc Nitrogen on Crude Protein and Protein Components of Foxtail Millet
3.3. Effects of Combined Application of Zinc on Amylose and Amylopectin in Foxtail Millet
3.4. Effect of Combined Application of Zinc Nitrogen on Total Carotenoid Content of Foxtail Millet
3.5. Effect of Combined Application of Zinc on the Mineral Element Content of Foxtail Millet
3.6. Effects of Combined Application of Zinc Nitrogen on Phytic Acid Content and Molar Ratio of Zinc Phytate in Foxtail Millet
3.7. Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Rations on Grain Yield and Its Components
3.8. Analysis of Principal Components of Nitrogen and Zinc Combined Application on Foxtail Millet Yield and Quality
4. Discussion
4.1. Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc in Foxtail Millet
4.2. Nitrogen–Zinc Rationing as a Good Strategy to Improve Grain Yield and Human Zinc Nutrition
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | 2021 | 2022 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total Carotenoids | Total Flavonoid Content | Total Carotenoids | Total Flavonoid Content | |
N0Zn20 | 15.57 ± 0.55 cB | 9.13 ± 0.53 bAB | 19.02 ± 0.20 bC | 8.24 ± 1.31 cB |
N120Zn20 | 20.30 ± 0.47 aA | 9.83 ± 0.65 bB | 19.74 ± 0.17 aB | 12.35 ± 0.44 bB |
N180Zn20 | 18.37 ± 0.4 bA | 12.31 ± 0.2 aB | 19.63 ± 0.47 aA | 16.49 ± 1.09 aB |
N240Zn20 | 19.23 ± 0.48 bA | 7.52 ± 0.95 cB | 20.06 ± 0.32 aA | 10.01 ± 1.68 cA |
N0Zn40 | 17.37 ± 0.45 bA | 10.67 ± 0.99 bA | 19.98 ± 0.07 aB | 13.55 ± 0.91 bA |
N120Zn40 | 19.16 ± 0.24 aB | 12.29 ± 1.09 bA | 19.51 ± 0.30 aB | 19.64 ± 0.44 aA |
N180Zn40 | 17.74 ± 0.36 bAB | 16.02 ± 0.78 aA | 19.56 ± 0.14 aA | 21.50 ± 1.27 aA |
N240Zn40 | 17.59 ± 0.06 bB | 11.36 ± 1.05 bA | 19.72 ± 0.44 aA | 9.65 ± 1.13 cA |
N0Zn80 | 17.62 ± 0.18 bA | 7.57 ± 0.94 bB | 21.16 ± 0.23 aA | 12.03 ± 1.05 bA |
N120Zn80 | 18.11 ± 0.13 aC | 11.62 ± 0.58 aA | 20.71 ± 0.38 aA | 9.88 ± 0.46 cC |
N180Zn80 | 17.26 ± 0.18 cB | 11.77 ± 0.56 aB | 19.48 ± 0.21 bA | 13.67 ± 0.71 aC |
N240Zn80 | 18.04 ± 0.13 aB | 8.53 ± 1.27 bB | 18.74 ± 0.27 cB | 6.84 ± 0.72 dB |
Treatments | Zn | Mn | Fe | Se | Cu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0Zn20 | 61.69 ± 1.29 bC | 13.80 ± 0.38 dB | 43.93 ± 0.52 cC | 0.06 ± 0.00 aB | 7.97 ± 0.07 cC |
N120Zn20 | 68.41 ± 0.85 aB | 15.16 ± 0.20 bB | 34.31 ± 0.15 bC | 0.06 ± 0.00 aA | 8.41 ± 0.07 dB |
N180Zn20 | 69.06 ± 5.75 aB | 14.49 ± 0.37 cA | 44.96 ± 0.25 aA | 0.02 ± 0.00 cC | 7.70 ± 0.09 bA |
N240Zn20 | 71.88 ± 2.16 aB | 17.48 ± 0.24 aA | 44.84 ± 0.43 aA | 0.03 ± 0.00 bC | 8.88 ± 0.15 aA |
N0Zn40 | 73.93 ± 1.90 bA | 14.45 ± 0.38 bB | 51.56 ± 0.66 aB | 0.07 ± 0.00 aA | 8.92 ± 0.10 aB |
N120Zn40 | 77.72 ± 2.2 abA | 16.17 ± 0.37 aA | 47.88 ± 0.43 bA | 0.05 ± 0.00 bB | 8.76 ± 0.14 aA |
N180Zn40 | 82.15 ± 5.93 aA | 14.33 ± 0.27 bA | 40.57 ± 0.42 cB | 0.03 ± 0.00 dB | 7.87 ± 0.06 bA |
N240Zn40 | 78.05 ± 0.98 abA | 13.11 ± 0.28 cC | 32.47 ± 0.46 dC | 0.05 ± 0.00 cB | 6.96 ± 0.08 cC |
N0Zn80 | 69.21 ± 1.72 aB | 16.27 ± 0.49 aA | 53.90 ± 1.09 aA | 0.05 ± 0.00 bC | 9.08 ± 0.02 aA |
N120Zn80 | 66.02 ± 1.81 bB | 12.22 ± 0.33 cC | 36.78 ± 0.22 bB | 0.03 ± 0.00 cC | 7.49 ± 0.13 cC |
N180Zn80 | 69.87 ± 0.74 aB | 13.93 ± 0.22 bA | 37.34 ± 0.28 bC | 0.05 ± 0.00 bA | 7.40 ± 0.15 cB |
N240Zn80 | 64.05 ± 1.75 bC | 14.46 ± 0.43 bB | 35.26 ± 0.28 cB | 0.05 ± 0.00 aA | 7.71 ± 0.03 bB |
Primary Component | Principal Component Number | |
---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |
Eigenvalue | 4.127 | 1.63 |
Cumulative (%) | 58.96 | 82.248 |
Crude fat | 0.644 | −0.621 |
Amylose | 0.901 | −0.124 |
Flavonin content | 0.898 | −0.239 |
Phytate content | −0.861 | −0.154 |
Total carotenoid content | 0.214 | 0.855 |
Crude protein | 0.705 | 0.644 |
Yield | 0.900 | −0.047 |
Treatments | F1 | F2 | F | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
N180Zn40 | 4.32 | −0.88 | 2.35 | 1 |
N120Zn40 | 1.72 | 0.88 | 1.22 | 2 |
N240Zn40 | 1.31 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3 |
N180Zn20 | 0.42 | 0.82 | 0.44 | 4 |
N120Zn20 | 0.08 | 1.52 | 0.4 | 5 |
N180Zn80 | 1.16 | −1.51 | 0.33 | 6 |
N240Zn20 | −1.09 | 1.97 | −0.18 | 7 |
N0Zn40 | 0.07 | −1.31 | −0.27 | 8 |
N120Zn80 | −0.81 | −0.03 | −0.48 | 9 |
N240Zn80 | −1.47 | 1.15 | −0.6 | 10 |
N0Zn20 | −2.54 | −1.88 | −1.94 | 11 |
N0Zn80 | −3.17 | −0.82 | −2.06 | 12 |
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Han, G.; Wang, J.; Zhao, H.; Wang, D.; Duan, Y.; Han, R.; Nie, M.; Zhao, L.; Du, H. Response of Quality and Yield of Foxtail Millet to Nitrogen and Zinc Application. Agriculture 2023, 13, 1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091731
Han G, Wang J, Zhao H, Wang D, Duan Y, Han R, Nie M, Zhao L, Du H. Response of Quality and Yield of Foxtail Millet to Nitrogen and Zinc Application. Agriculture. 2023; 13(9):1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091731
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Genlan, Jiang Wang, Haiyan Zhao, Dan Wang, Yanyan Duan, Ruihua Han, Meng’en Nie, Lijie Zhao, and Huiling Du. 2023. "Response of Quality and Yield of Foxtail Millet to Nitrogen and Zinc Application" Agriculture 13, no. 9: 1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091731