Effect of a Mineral-Organic Concentrate on a Yield Increase and Seed Quality of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Experiment Design and Factor
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Weather Conditions
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter/Element | Amount | Level/Range |
---|---|---|
pHKCl | 7.4 | alkaline |
N (total nitrogen) | 2.12 g∙kg−1 soil | – |
P (available phosphorus) | 58.52 mg∙kg−1 soil | medium |
K (available potassium) | 176.42 mg∙kg−1 soil | medium |
Mg (magnesium) | 125.82 mg∙kg−1 soil | high |
Dose | Year | Yield | TSW | No of Gen. Shoots | Germination Rate * | Flag Leaf Length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 2020 | 2055 ± 60 | 1.65 ± 0.05 | 2832 ± 48 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 12.7 ± 0.2 |
2021 | 1948 ± 13 | 1.61 ± 0.02 | 2528 ± 24 | 0.98 ± 0.00 | 10.4 ± 0.5 | |
2022 | 1898 ± 24 | 1.49 ± 0.06 | 2428 ± 44 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | |
Mean | 1967 a ± 77 | 1.58 a ± 0.08 | 2597 a ± 185 | 0.98 b ± 0.01 | 10.1 a ± 2.4 | |
Fertilizer dose 1 dm3·ha−1 | 2020 | 2094 ± 11 | 1.73 ± 0.05 | 2876 ± 19 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 13.4 ± 0.1 |
2021 | 2015 ± 87 | 1.70 ± 0.03 | 2591 ± 8.5 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 11.0 ± 0.2 | |
2022 | 1966 ± 11 | 1.58 ± 0.07 | 2495 ± 13 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 7.6 ± 0.1 | |
Mean | 2025 a ± 71 | 1.67 b ± 0.08 | 2657 b ± 172 | 0.99 a ± 0.00 | 10.7 b ± 2.5 | |
Fertilizer dose 2 dm3·ha−1 | 2020 | 2213 ± 15 | 1.80 ± 0.02 | 3173 ± 36 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 14.1 ± 0.3 |
2021 | 2042 ± 83 | 1.74 ± 0.06 | 2911 ± 8 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 11.4 ± 0.4 | |
2022 | 2001 ± 32 | 1.73 ± 0.06 | 2806 ± 6.2 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 8.0 ± 0.1 | |
Mean | 2085 b ± 107 | 1.76 c ± 0.06 | 2936 c ± 165 | 0.99 a ± 0.00 | 11.2 c ± 2.7 | |
Fertilizer dose 3 dm3·ha−1 | 2020 | 2289 ± 42 | 1.93 ± 0.11 | 3257 ± 45 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 14.2 ± 0.3 |
2021 | 2088 ± 18 | 1.86 ± 0.06 | 2964 ± 11 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 12.0 ± 0.4 | |
2022 | 2062 ± 27 | 1.85 ± 0.04 | 2864 ± 38 | 0.99 ± 0.00 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | |
Mean | 2146 c ± 110 | 1.88 d ± 0.08 | 3029 d ± 179 | 0.99 a ± 0.00 | 11.5 d ± 2.7 | |
Effect of year 2020–2022 | 2020 | 2162 a ± 102 | 1.77 a ± 0.03 | 3034 a ± 194 | 0.99 a ± 0.00 | 13.6 a ± 0.2 |
2021 | 2023 b ± 75 | 1.73 a ± 0.03 | 2748 b ± 200 | 0.99 a ± 0.00 | 11.2 b ± 0.2 | |
2022 | 1981 b ± 65 | 1.66 b ± 0.04 | 2648 c ± 199 | 0.98 b ± 0.00 | 7.8 c ± 0.1 | |
Year effect (p-value) | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0180 | 0.0000 | |
Dose effect (p-value) | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |
Standard deviation | 112 | 0.13 | 253.9 | 0.0077 | 2.5 | |
Variation coefficient | 5.4% | 7.5% | 9.0% | 0.8% | 23.1% |
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Radkowski, A.; Radkowska, I.; Wolski, K.; Kuc, P.; Bujak, H. Effect of a Mineral-Organic Concentrate on a Yield Increase and Seed Quality of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Agriculture 2024, 14, 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020200
Radkowski A, Radkowska I, Wolski K, Kuc P, Bujak H. Effect of a Mineral-Organic Concentrate on a Yield Increase and Seed Quality of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Agriculture. 2024; 14(2):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020200
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadkowski, Adam, Iwona Radkowska, Karol Wolski, Piotr Kuc, and Henryk Bujak. 2024. "Effect of a Mineral-Organic Concentrate on a Yield Increase and Seed Quality of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)" Agriculture 14, no. 2: 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020200