Parameter Optimization of a Conveying and Separating Device Based on a Five-Stage Screw and Vibrating Screen for Tiger Nut Harvesters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Agronomy and Plant Characteristics of Tiger Nuts
2.2. Overall Structure and Working Principle
2.2.1. Overall Structure of Conveying and Separating Device Test Bench
2.2.2. Working Principle
2.3. Parameter Design and Analysis of Key Components
2.3.1. Structure and Parameter Design of the Screw Conveyor
2.3.2. Analysis of the Material Conveying Process under Screw Action
2.3.3. Structure and Parameter Design of the Vibrating Screen Body
2.3.4. Analysis of the Material Separation Process under Vibration
3. Simulation Test and Result Analysis
3.1. Setting of Simulation Parameters and Model Construction
3.2. Analysis of Sand Particle Movements and Displacement Variation
3.2.1. Analysis of the Displacement Variation of Sand Particles along the X-axis
3.2.2. Analysis of Displacement Variation of Sand Particles along the Y-axis
3.2.3. Analysis of Displacement Variation of Sand Particles along the Z-axis
3.3. Bench Test
3.3.1. Test Materials and Equipment
3.3.2. Test Scheme
3.3.3. Evaluation Indicators
3.4. Test Results and Analysis
3.4.1. Test Design
3.4.2. Regression Variance Analysis of Conveying and Sand Removal Quality and Construction of Response Models
3.5. Analysis of the Influence of the Interaction of Key Parameters of the Conveying Device on Conveying and Sand Removal Quality
3.5.1. Analysis of the Influence Law of Significant Interaction Terms on the Sand Removal Rate Evaluation Indicator, R1
3.5.2. Analysis of the Influence Law of Significant Interaction Terms on the Evaluation Indicator Crushing Rate R2
3.5.3. Analysis of the Influence Law of Significant Interaction Terms on the Total Power Consumption Evaluation Indicator, R3
3.6. Optimization and Test Verification of Target Parameters
3.6.1. Optimization of Target Parameters
3.6.2. Test Verification
4. Conclusions
- A conveying and separating device combining screw conveying and a vibrating screen was designed for tiger nut harvesting. The conditions of axial and radial migration under the screw action and of the separation under vibratory action were analyzed. By simulating the separating process, the conveying and separating law of materials was clarified, and the rationality of the design was verified.
- A four-factor, five-level orthogonal central composite test was conducted. The test results were analyzed via the regression variance analysis method, and relation models between variable factors and evaluation indicators were constructed. The verification test results show that under the combined conditions of a screw velocity ratio of 0.88, an amplitude of 4.7 mm, a vibration frequency of 7.5 Hz, and a machine operation velocity of 0.92 km/h, the theoretical sand removal rate was 90.40%, the crushing rate was 1.66%, and the power consumption was 2.24 kW.
- The optimized results were verified via testing. The sand removal rate was 88.92%, the crushing rate was 1.71%, and the total power consumption was 2.29 kW. The errors from the predicted values were 1.6%, 3.0%, and 2.2%, respectively. A field performance test was carried out, and the conveying and separating device worked normally, meeting the requirements of conveying and separation for tiger nut harvesting.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Average Value |
---|---|
Root and stem diameter/mm | 5.2 |
Root and stem height/mm | 84 |
Depth of complex growth/mm | 114 |
Moisture content of tiger nut/% | 11.2 |
Moisture content of sand/% | 6.5 |
Parameter | Numerical Value |
---|---|
Length × width × height/(mm × mm × mm) | 4900 × 2600 × 1600 |
Working width/mm | 1600 |
Total power/kW | 33 |
Frequency adjustment range/Hz | 0~25 |
Adjustment range of conveying speed/(r/min) | 0~380 |
Material | Poisson’s Ratio | Density (kg/m3) | Elasticity Modulus (Mpa) |
---|---|---|---|
Sand Particles | 0.3 | 1638 | 29.9 |
Tiger Nuts | 0.41 | 1089 | 1.5 × 102 |
Geometry | 0.28 | 7850 | 2.099 × 103 |
Contact | Contact Type | ||
---|---|---|---|
Recovery Coefficient | Coefficient of Static Friction | Coefficient of Rolling Friction | |
Tiger Nut and Tiger Nut | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.05 |
Tiger Nut and Steel | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.06 |
Roots and Roots | 0.60 | 0.33 | 0.14 |
Roots and Steel | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.01 |
Speed Ratio | First-Stage Screw Conveyor (r/min) | Second-Stage Screw Conveyor (r/min) | Third-Stage Screw Conveyor (r/min) | Fourth-Stage Screw Conveyor (r/min) | Fifth-Stage Screw Conveyor (r/min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.8 | 280 | 224 | 179 | 179 | 179 |
0.85 | 280 | 238 | 202 | 202 | 202 |
0.9 | 280 | 252 | 227 | 227 | 227 |
0.95 | 280 | 266 | 253 | 253 | 253 |
1 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 | 280 |
Code | Amplitude/(mm) | Vibration Frequency/(Hz) | Machine Operation Velocity/(km/h) |
---|---|---|---|
−2 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.6 |
−1 | 3 | 6 | 0.8 |
0 | 4.5 | 7 | 1 |
1 | 6 | 8 | 1.2 |
2 | 7.5 | 9 | 1.4 |
Test Serial Number | Speed Ratio | Amplitude (mm) | Vibration Frequency (Hz) | Machine Operation velocity/(km/h) | Cleaning Ratio/% | Crushing Ratio/% | Total Power Consumption/kW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 73.12 | 1.49 | 2.46 |
2 | 1 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 80.77 | 2.98 | 2.71 |
3 | −1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 80.06 | 2.22 | 1.56 |
4 | 1 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 84.86 | 2.47 | 3.06 |
5 | −1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 80.84 | 1.41 | 2.02 |
6 | 1 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 84.22 | 3.42 | 2.28 |
7 | −1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 87.46 | 1.88 | 1.44 |
8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 88.98 | 3.28 | 2.93 |
9 | −1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 86.15 | 1.19 | 3.84 |
10 | 1 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 86.69 | 1.94 | 2.82 |
11 | −1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 86.23 | 0.86 | 3.6 |
12 | 1 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 86.87 | 0.74 | 3.42 |
13 | −1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 80.95 | 1.72 | 3.28 |
14 | 1 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 84.94 | 2.95 | 2.08 |
15 | −1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 81.44 | 2.92 | 2.79 |
16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 85.84 | 1.51 | 2.39 |
17 | −2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79.71 | 2.6 | 3.1 |
18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80.01 | 2.87 | 3.04 |
19 | 0 | −2 | 0 | 0 | 75.93 | 2.62 | 2.98 |
20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 81.67 | 2.35 | 3.07 |
21 | 0 | 0 | −2 | 0 | 80.68 | 0.51 | 2.99 |
22 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 90.65 | 2.85 | 2.11 |
23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −2 | 80.81 | 2.57 | 2.58 |
24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 84.42 | 1.39 | 3.12 |
25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90.55 | 1.55 | 2.74 |
26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 91.21 | 1.36 | 2.48 |
27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92.98 | 1.83 | 2.55 |
28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89.62 | 1.11 | 2.52 |
29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90.42 | 1.76 | 2.45 |
30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89.46 | 0.91 | 2.31 |
Experimental Indicators | Source of Variance | Sum of Squares | Freedom | Mean Square | F | p | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | Model | 597.89 | 14 | 42.71 | 8.26 | 0.0001 | Significant |
X1 | 31.56 | 1 | 31.56 | 6.1 | 0.026 | * | |
X2 | 52.63 | 1 | 52.63 | 10.18 | 0.0061 | ** | |
X3 | 37.15 | 1 | 37.15 | 7.19 | 0.0171 | * | |
X4 | 28.21 | 1 | 28.21 | 5.46 | 0.0338 | * | |
X1X2 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.21 | 0.6508 | ||
X1X3 | 7.23 × 10−3 | 1 | 7.23 × 10−3 | 1.40 × 10−3 | 0.9707 | ||
X1X4 | 3.78 | 1 | 3.78 | 0.73 | 0.4058 | ||
X2X3 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.026 | 0.8729 | ||
X2X4 | 26.94 | 1 | 26.94 | 5.21 | 0.0375 | * | |
X3X4 | 78.59 | 1 | 78.59 | 15.2 | 0.0014 | ** | |
X12 | 155.61 | 1 | 155.61 | 30.1 | <0.0001 | ** | |
X22 | 192.16 | 1 | 192.16 | 37.17 | <0.0001 | ** | |
X32 | 23.75 | 1 | 23.75 | 4.6 | 0.0489 | * | |
X42 | 78.63 | 1 | 78.63 | 15.21 | 0.0014 | ** | |
Residual | 77.54 | 15 | 5.17 | ||||
Lack of Fit | 69.28 | 10 | 6.93 | 4.19 | 0.0636 | Not Significant | |
Pure Error | 8.26 | 5 | 1.65 | ||||
Cor Total | 675.43 | 29 | |||||
R2 | 0.8852 | CV | 2.69% | Adeq Precision | 10.45 | ||
R2 | Model | 16.37 | 14 | 1.17 | 6.56 | 0.0004 | Significant |
X1 | 1.57 | 1 | 1.57 | 8.81 | 0.0096 | ** | |
X2 | 0.13 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.4082 | ||
X3 | 4.07 | 1 | 4.07 | 22.82 | 0.0002 | ** | |
X4 | 2.46 | 1 | 2.46 | 13.79 | 0.0021 | ** | |
X1X2 | 1.8 | 1 | 1.8 | 10.07 | 0.0063 | ** | |
X1X3 | 0.046 | 1 | 0.046 | 0.26 | 0.618 | ||
X1X4 | 1.38 | 1 | 1.38 | 7.75 | 0.0139 | * | |
X2X3 | 0.12 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.69 | 0.4201 | ||
X2X4 | 0.34 | 1 | 0.34 | 1.89 | 0.1897 | ||
X3X4 | 0.78 | 1 | 0.78 | 4.39 | 0.0534 | ||
X12 | 2.51 | 1 | 2.51 | 14.06 | 0.0019 | ** | |
X22 | 1.58 | 1 | 1.58 | 8.85 | 0.0094 | ** | |
X32 | 0.041 | 1 | 0.041 | 0.23 | 0.6395 | ||
X42 | 0.35 | 1 | 0.35 | 1.98 | 0.1794 | ||
Residual | 2.67 | 15 | 0.18 | ||||
Lack of Fit | 2.01 | 10 | 0.2 | 1.52 | 0.3355 | Not Significant | |
Pure Error | 0.66 | 5 | 0.13 | ||||
Cor Total | 19.05 | 29 | |||||
R2 | 0.8596 | CV | 21.37% | Adeq Precision | 9.965 | ||
R3 | Model | 7.89 | 14 | 0.56 | 10.93 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1 | 0.014 | 1 | 0.014 | 0.27 | 0.6097 | ||
X2 | 6.00 × 10−4 | 1 | 6.00 × 10−4 | 0.012 | 0.9155 | ||
X3 | 1.51 | 1 | 1.51 | 29.29 | <0.0001 | ** | |
X4 | 1.95 | 1 | 1.95 | 37.81 | <0.0001 | ** | |
X1X2 | 1.06 | 1 | 1.06 | 20.58 | 0.0004 | ** | |
X1X3 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.6659 | ||
X1X4 | 2.48 | 1 | 2.48 | 48.12 | <0.0001 | ** | |
X2X3 | 4.00 × 10−4 | 1 | 4.00 × 10−4 | 7.76 × 10−3 | 0.931 | ||
X2X4 | 0.027 | 1 | 0.027 | 0.53 | 0.4786 | ||
X3X4 | 0.26 | 1 | 0.26 | 4.95 | 0.0419 | * | |
X12 | 0.31 | 1 | 0.31 | 5.98 | 0.0273 | * | |
X22 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.25 | 4.78 | 0.045 | * | |
X32 | 0.016 | 1 | 0.016 | 0.31 | 0.5887 | ||
X42 | 0.071 | 1 | 0.071 | 1.39 | 0.2574 | ||
Residual | 0.77 | 15 | 0.052 | ||||
Lack of Fit | 0.67 | 10 | 0.067 | 3.4 | 0.0944 | Not Significant | |
Pure Error | 0.099 | 5 | 0.02 | ||||
Cor Total | 8.66 | 29 | |||||
R2 | 0.911 | CV | 8.44% | Adeq Precision | 14.538 |
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Qi, J.; Gao, J.; Chen, S.; Chen, W.; Yang, L.; Meng, H.; Kan, Z. Parameter Optimization of a Conveying and Separating Device Based on a Five-Stage Screw and Vibrating Screen for Tiger Nut Harvesters. Agriculture 2024, 14, 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050682
Qi J, Gao J, Chen S, Chen W, Yang L, Meng H, Kan Z. Parameter Optimization of a Conveying and Separating Device Based on a Five-Stage Screw and Vibrating Screen for Tiger Nut Harvesters. Agriculture. 2024; 14(5):682. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050682
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi, Jiangtao, Jianping Gao, Shan Chen, Wenhui Chen, Luoyi Yang, Hewei Meng, and Za Kan. 2024. "Parameter Optimization of a Conveying and Separating Device Based on a Five-Stage Screw and Vibrating Screen for Tiger Nut Harvesters" Agriculture 14, no. 5: 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14050682