Biochar Application in Combination with No Tillage Enhanced Yield and Grain Quality of Ratoon Rice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Field Experimental Details
2.2. Measurement of Grain Yield, Yield Components
2.3. Measurement of Grain Quality
2.4. Measurement of Antioxidant Activities
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Yield and Yield Components
3.2. Grain Quality
3.3. MDA Content and Activities of SOD, CAT, and POD
3.4. Principal Component Analysis
3.5. Correlation Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Grian Yield and Yield Components
4.2. Grain Quality and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Season | Treatment | Brown Rice Rate | Milled Rice Rate | Chalkiness Degree | Chalk Grain Rate | Amylose Content | Protein Content |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | |||
2020 | Main season | RTNC | 71.33 a | 63.79 b | 5.84 a | 20.83 a | 18.69 a | 8.00 bc |
RTC | 73.63 a | 65.02 b | 5.22 b | 20.27 ab | 18.76 a | 9.24 a | ||
NTNC | 73.03 a | 66.13 ab | 5.26 b | 19.58 b | 16.55 a | 7.58 c | ||
NTC | 76.66 a | 70.53 a | 4.61 c | 16.60 c | 18.56 a | 8.65 ab | ||
Mean | 73.66 C | 66.37 B | 5.23 A | 19.32 A | 18.14 B | 8.37 B | ||
Ratoon season | RTNC | 76.07 ab | 68.28 c | 4.91 a | 16.31 a | 18.63 a | 8.70 b | |
RTC | 73.68 b | 68.79 bc | 4.04 b | 14.39 ab | 20.49 a | 10.08 a | ||
NTNC | 79.40 a | 70.72 b | 4.72 a | 14.59 ab | 17.97 a | 8.55 b | ||
NTC | 76.53 ab | 72.99 a | 3.14 c | 14.04 b | 17.95 a | 9.68 a | ||
Mean | 76.41 B | 70.19 A | 4.20 B | 14.83 B | 18.76 A | 9.25 A | ||
2021 | Main season | RTNC | 74.00 b | 70.28 ab | 5.27 a | 20.39 a | 17.86 a | 7.42 c |
RTC | 78.11 a | 70.99 ab | 4.28 b | 16.34 c | 16.86 a | 8.64 b | ||
NTNC | 75.44 ab | 69.24 b | 4.18 b | 18.49 b | 18.28 a | 8.70 b | ||
NTC | 76.66 ab | 73.49 a | 3.09 c | 17.35 bc | 17.00 a | 10.23 a | ||
Mean | 76.05 B | 71.00 A | 4.20 B | 18.14 A | 17.50 B | 8.74 B | ||
Ratoon season | RTNC | 80.75 a | 69.30 a | 4.57 a | 17.07 a | 17.66 a | 8.73 c | |
RTC | 79.86 a | 69.16 a | 3.28 b | 15.11 b | 17.06 a | 10.30 a | ||
NTNC | 79.02 a | 71.62 a | 4.37 a | 13.11 c | 19.52 a | 9.51 b | ||
NTC | 81.56 a | 73.09 a | 2.36 c | 14.02 bc | 18.04 a | 10.42 a | ||
Mean | 80.30 A | 70.79 A | 3.64 C | 14.83 B | 18.07 B | 9.74 A | ||
ANOVA | Year (Y) | 17.6 *** | 16.8 *** | 289.5 *** | 5.9 * | ns | 18.8 *** | |
Season (S) | 22 *** | 8.1 ** | 289.1 *** | 256.9 *** | ns | 88.8 *** | ||
Treatment (T) | ns | 10.4 *** | 280.4 *** | 30 *** | ns | 55.6 *** | ||
Y × S | ns | 10 ** | 25.1 *** | 5.8 * | ns | ns | ||
Y × T | ns | ns | 9.6 *** | 4.2 * | 5.5 ** | 14.8 *** | ||
S × T | ns | ns | 21.8 *** | 3.8 * | ns | ns | ||
Y × S × T | ns | ns | ns | 6.4 ** | ns | 3.6 * |
Loadings | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 |
---|---|---|---|
Panicle number | −0.06101 | −0.15576 | 0.07535 |
Spikelet per panicle | −0.29941 | 0.35113 | 0.05058 |
Grain filling rate | −0.07008 | 0.4391 | 0.21072 |
1000-grain weight | −0.20296 | 0.36358 | −0.21581 |
Brown rice rate | 0.21939 | −0.17473 | −0.46284 |
Milled rice rate | 0.30808 | 0.02451 | −0.36398 |
Chalkiness degree | −0.15315 | −0.38056 | 0.25936 |
Chalk grain rate | 0.05584 | −0.46237 | 0.04858 |
Amylose content | 0.11225 | −0.12632 | 0.57625 |
Protein content | 0.31542 | −0.03356 | −0.11718 |
SOD | 0.38651 | −0.01062 | 0.06277 |
POD | 0.39245 | 0.21577 | 0.09373 |
CAT | 0.33571 | 0.17148 | 0.34234 |
MDA | 0.40337 | 0.21105 | 0.09347 |
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Du, B.; Zhang, W.; Liu, Q.; Duan, X.; Yao, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Yao, X. Biochar Application in Combination with No Tillage Enhanced Yield and Grain Quality of Ratoon Rice. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081407
Du B, Zhang W, Liu Q, Duan X, Yao Y, Wang Y, Li J, Yao X. Biochar Application in Combination with No Tillage Enhanced Yield and Grain Quality of Ratoon Rice. Agriculture. 2024; 14(8):1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081407
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Bin, Wujun Zhang, Qiangming Liu, Xiujian Duan, Yanjie Yao, Yu Wang, Jingyong Li, and Xiong Yao. 2024. "Biochar Application in Combination with No Tillage Enhanced Yield and Grain Quality of Ratoon Rice" Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081407