Parametric Analysis and Numerical Optimization of Root-Cutting Shovel of Cotton Stalk Harvester Using Discrete Element Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil-Loosening and Root-Cutting Cotton Stalk Pulling and Gathering Machine
2.1.1. The Structure and Working Principle of the Whole Machine
2.1.2. Technical Parameter
2.2. Calculation of Key Parameters of the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife
2.2.1. Design of Slide Cutting Angle of the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife
2.2.2. Design of Cutting-Edge Angle of the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife
2.2.3. Design of the Soil Entry Angle of the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife
2.3. Discrete Element Simulation of the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife
2.3.1. Establishment of Discrete Element Interaction Model between the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife and Root–Soil Complex
2.3.2. Simulated Tests
3. Simulation Results Analysis
3.1. Analysis of Influencing Factors of the Root-Cutting Force and the Mean Value of Cutting Resistance of the V-Shaped Root-Cutting Knife
3.2. Analysis of Response Surface Results
3.3. Design of Optimized Parameters
3.4. Field Test
3.5. The Calculation and Finite Element Analysis of the Minimum Specific Energy Consumption
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Overall dimensions (length × width × height)/mm × mm × mm | 2570 × 2230 × 1400 |
Working width/mm | 2000 |
Width of V-shaped root-cutting knife/mm | 6 |
Thickness of V-shaped root-cutting knife/mm | 6 |
Operating width of single V-shaped root-cutting knife/mm | 150 |
Width of gathering device/mm | 150 |
Operating speed/m s−1 | 1.5 |
Reel wheel speed/r min−1 | 80 |
Helicoid strips speed/r min−1 | 140 |
Parameter | Values | Parameter | Values |
---|---|---|---|
Density of soil/kg·m−3 | 2300 | Coefficient of restitution of soil-soil | 0.6 |
Poisson’s ratio of soil | 0.35 | Coefficient of static friction of soil-soil | 0.45 |
Shear modulus of soil/MPa | 1.07 | Coefficient of rolling friction of soil-soil | 0.21 |
Density of root/kg·m−3 | 825.8 | Coefficient of restitution of root-root | 0.384 |
Poisson’s ratio of root | 0.35 | Coefficient of static friction of root-root | 0.597 |
Shear modulus of root/MPa | 692 | Coefficient of rolling friction of root-root | 0.06 |
Density of shovel/kg·m−3 | 7865 | Coefficient of restitution of root–soil | 0.453 |
Poisson’s ratio of shovel | 0.3 | Coefficient of static friction of root–soil | 0.625 |
Shear modulus of shovel/MPa | 7.9 × 104 | Coefficient of rolling friction of root–soil | 0.7 |
Coefficient of restitution of soil-shovel | 0.6 | Coefficient of restitution of root-shovel | 0.429 |
Coefficient of static friction of soil-shovel | 0.6 | Coefficient of static friction of root-shovel | 0.561 |
Coefficient of rolling friction of soil-shovel | 0.05 | Coefficient of rolling friction of root-shovel | 0.08 |
Normal Stiffness per it area of soil/N·m−3 | 5.302 × 108 | Normal Stiffness per area of root/N·m−3 | 4.15 × 1010 |
Shear Stiffness per uite area of soil/N·m−3 | 4.486 × 108 | Shear Stiffness per unit area of root/N·m−3 | 5.6 × 1010 |
Normal Strength of soil/Pa | 5.5 × 105 | Normal Strength of root/Pa | 4 × 107 |
Shear Strength of soil/Pa | 5.303 × 105 | Shear Strength of root/Pa | 5 × 107 |
Bonded Disk Scale of soil | 2.4 | Bonded Disk Scale of root | 0.84 |
Level | Slide Cutting Angle X1 (°) | Cutting-Edge Angle X2 (°) | Soil Entry Angle X3 (°) |
---|---|---|---|
−1 | 36 | 43.2 | 13 |
0 | 45.5 | 53.35 | 29 |
1 | 55 | 63.5 | 45 |
Test Number | X1 | X2 | X3 | Root-Breaking Force | Mean Value of the Cutting Resistance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 226.6 | 46.8 |
2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 122.9 | 64.4 |
3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 144.1 | 76.6 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 140.7 | 64.5 |
5 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 98.6 | 70 |
6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 108.2 | 78.7 |
7 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 159.1 | 64 |
8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 157.4 | 62.1 |
9 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 195.1 | 50.2 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 140.2 | 62.1 |
11 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 157.4 | 79.1 |
12 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 180.9 | 46.2 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151.9 | 62.5 |
14 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 82.5 | 77.2 |
15 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 220.9 | 57.8 |
16 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 97.6 | 62 |
17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 145.3 | 62.9 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F Value | p Value | Significant Degree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 26,305.24 | 9 | 2922.8 | 49.42 | <0.0001 | ** |
A | 13,719.96 | 1 | 13,719.96 | 231.99 | <0.0001 | ** |
B | 3264.32 | 1 | 3264.32 | 55.2 | 0.0001 | ** |
C | 1014.75 | 1 | 1014.75 | 17.16 | 0.0043 | ** |
AB | 561.69 | 1 | 561.69 | 9.5 | 0.0178 | * |
AC | 473.06 | 1 | 473.06 | 8 | 0.0255 | * |
BC | 345.96 | 1 | 345.96 | 5.85 | 0.0462 | * |
A2 | 4082.29 | 1 | 4082.29 | 69.03 | <0.0001 | ** |
B2 | 3204.51 | 1 | 3204.51 | 54.18 | 0.0002 | ** |
C2 | 0.0059 | 1 | 0.0059 | 0.0001 | 0.9923 | / |
Residual | 413.98 | 7 | 59.14 | |||
Lack of Fit | 193.04 | 3 | 64.35 | 1.16 | 0.4267 | / |
Pure Error | 220.94 | 4 | 55.24 | |||
Cor Total | 26,719.22 | 16 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F Value | p Value | Significant Degree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 1656.8 | 9 | 184.09 | 99.87 | <0.0001 | ** |
A | 1529.05 | 1 | 1529.05 | 829.52 | <0.0001 | ** |
B | 0.005 | 1 | 0.005 | 0.0027 | 0.9599 | / |
C | 45.13 | 1 | 45.13 | 24.48 | 0.0017 | ** |
AB | 5.29 | 1 | 5.29 | 2.87 | 0.1341 | / |
AC | 32.49 | 1 | 32.49 | 17.63 | 0.0040 | ** |
BC | 14.44 | 1 | 14.44 | 7.83 | 0.0266 | * |
A2 | 0.0557 | 1 | 0.0557 | 0.0302 | 0.8669 | / |
B2 | 0.6241 | 1 | 0.6241 | 0.3386 | 0.5789 | / |
C2 | 29.9 | 1 | 29.9 | 16.22 | 0.0050 | ** |
Residual | 12.9 | 7 | 1.84 | |||
Lack of Fit | 8.94 | 3 | 2.98 | 3 | 0.1579 | / |
Pure Error | 3.97 | 4 | 0.992 | |||
Cor Total | 1669.7 | 16 |
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Liu, H.; Cao, S.; Han, D.; He, L.; Li, Y.; Cai, J.; Meng, H.; Wang, S. Parametric Analysis and Numerical Optimization of Root-Cutting Shovel of Cotton Stalk Harvester Using Discrete Element Method. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091451
Liu H, Cao S, Han D, He L, Li Y, Cai J, Meng H, Wang S. Parametric Analysis and Numerical Optimization of Root-Cutting Shovel of Cotton Stalk Harvester Using Discrete Element Method. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091451
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Hua, Silin Cao, Dalong Han, Lei He, Yuanze Li, Jialin Cai, Hewei Meng, and Shilong Wang. 2024. "Parametric Analysis and Numerical Optimization of Root-Cutting Shovel of Cotton Stalk Harvester Using Discrete Element Method" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091451