A Study of the Impact of Surgical Correction of Left Abomasal Displacement on Fertility Parameters in Lactating Holstein Cows
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Diagnosis and Treatment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
- Y is the dependent variable (e.g., days to first heat, calving to conception interval, or milk production in the first 100 days).
- β0 is the intercept.
- β1, β2, β3, β4 are the regression coefficients corresponding to the independent variables (Time from Diagnosis to Treatment, Days to Operation, Uterine Infection, and LDA).
- ϵ is the error term.
- P(Y = j) is the probability of the dependent variable Y being in category j (e.g., different levels of inseminations required).
- P(Y = reference) is the probability of being in the reference category.
- αj is the intercept for category j.
- γj1, γj2, γj3, γj4 are the coefficients for the independent variables (Time from Diagnosis to Treatment, Days to Operation, Uterine Infection, and LDA) specific to category j.
3. Results
3.1. The Sample
3.2. Impact of Time Lapsed from Disease Occurance to the Surgical Correction (Early Diagnosed versus Neglected Cases)
3.3. Impact of the Days to Operation and the Presence of UI in Treated Cows
3.4. Impact of the Days to Operation and the Presence of LDA in Cows with UI
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1 (n = 93) | Group 2 (n = 83) | Group 3 (n = 93) | Group 4 (n = 80) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Days to first estrus | |||||
Mean (SD) | 69.3 (16.8) | 65.9 (14.5) | 63.4 (11.9) | 49.8 (12.5) | <0.001 (K-W) |
Median [IQR] | 68.0 [24.0] | 66.0 [21.0] | 62.0 [13.0] | 52.5 [19.3] | |
Calving to conception interval | |||||
Mean (SD) | 110 (22.5) | 100 (18.4) | 96.8 (19.4) | 91.3 (20.8) | <0.001 (OwA) |
Median [IQR] | 107 [30.0] | 97.0 [20.5] | 95.0 [25.0] | 89.0 [25.0] | |
Number of inseminations | |||||
1 | 15 (16.1%) | 17 (20.5%) | 16 (17.2%) | 22 (27.5%) | 0.849 (C) |
2 | 32 (34.4%) | 34 (41.0%) | 41 (44.1%) | 29 (36.2%) | |
3 | 30 (32.3%) | 26 (31.3%) | 25 (26.9%) | 19 (23.7%) | |
4 | 13 (14.0%) | 6 (7.2%) | 11 (11.8%) | 9 (11.3%) | |
5 | 3 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
Milk in 100 days (lt) | |||||
mean (SD) | 4219 (501) | 4280 (574) | 4550 (482) | 4610 (390) | <0.001 (K-W) |
Median [IQR] | 4160 [804] | 4380 [1010] | 4540 [583] | 4470 [494] |
Dependent: Days to First Estrus | Dependent: Calving-to-Conception Interval | Dependent: Milk in 100 Days (lt) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | ||
Time from diagnosis to treatment | Late (n = 26) | 77.1 (15.4) | Reference | 133.3 (25.4) | Reference | 3982.1 (581.8) | Reference |
Early (n = 93, group1) | 69.3 (16.8) | −11.0 (−17.1 to −5.0, p < 0.001) | 109.6 (22.5) | −25.7 (−35.7 to −15.7, p < 0.001) | 4219.5 (501.2) | 262.0 (32.7 to 491.3, p = 0.025) | |
Days to operation | [3, 60] | 71.0 (16.8) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8, p < 0.001) | 114.8 (25.1) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7, p = 0.007) | 4167.6 (526.6) | −5.0 (−11.5 to 1.5, p = 0.133) |
Observations: 119 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.351/0.339 | Observations: 119 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.206/0.192 | Observations: 119 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.054/0.037 |
Dependent: Days to First Estrus | Dependent: Calving-to-Conception Interval | Dependent: Milk in 100 Days (lt) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | ||
Days from calving to operation | [3, 60] | 67.7 (15.8) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.8, p < 0.001) | 105.3 (21.1) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6, p < 0.001) | 4246.2 (536.1) | −2.9 (−8.0 to 2.2, p = 0.257) |
Uterine infection | No | 65.9 (14.5) | Reference | 100.4 (18.4) | Reference | 4276.1 (574.3) | Reference |
Yes | 69.3 (16.8) | 1.8 (−1.8 to 5.3, p = 0.328) | 109.6 (22.5) | 8.3 (2.4 to 14.2, p = 0.006) | 4219.5 (501.2) | −51.8 (−211.5 to 107.8, p = 0.522) | |
Observations: 176 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.457/0.441 | Observations: 176 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.157/0.132 | Observations: 176 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.037/0.009 | |||||
Models adjusted with season |
Dependent: Days to First Heat | Dependent: Calving-to-Conception Interval | Dependent: Milk in 100 Days (lt) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient with 95% CI (Multivariable) | ||
Days to operation | [0, 60] | 67.2 (15.4) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9, p < 0.001) | 105.0 (22.2) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.8, p < 0.001) | 4339.0 (518.2) | −8.7 (−15.0 to −2.3, p = 0.008) |
LDA | No | 63.4 (11.9) | Reference | 96.8 (19.4) | Reference | 4552.8 (482.0) | Reference |
Yes | 69.3 (16.8) | −13.5 (−19.7 to −7.3, p < 0.001) | 109.6 (22.5) | −1.2 (−11.4 to 9.1, p = 0.819) | 4219.5 (501.2) | −100.8 (−340.0 to 138.5, p = 0.406) | |
Observations: 186 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.372/0.350 | Observations: 186 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.176/0.147 | Observations: 186 R2/R2 adjusted: 0.130/0.105 | |||||
Models adjusted with season |
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Nanas, I.; Dovolou, E.; Dadouli, K.; Ramouzis, I.; Amiridis, G.S. A Study of the Impact of Surgical Correction of Left Abomasal Displacement on Fertility Parameters in Lactating Holstein Cows. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091487
Nanas I, Dovolou E, Dadouli K, Ramouzis I, Amiridis GS. A Study of the Impact of Surgical Correction of Left Abomasal Displacement on Fertility Parameters in Lactating Holstein Cows. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091487
Chicago/Turabian StyleNanas, Ioannis, Eleni Dovolou, Katerina Dadouli, Ilias Ramouzis, and Georgios S. Amiridis. 2024. "A Study of the Impact of Surgical Correction of Left Abomasal Displacement on Fertility Parameters in Lactating Holstein Cows" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091487