Diversity of Thrips Species Associated with Soybean Grown in Different Plant Arrangements at Various Phenological Stages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Experiment Layout
2.3. Insect Sampling
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wrocław-Pawłowice (Location 1) | |
Row Spacing | Number of Seeds Sown per 1 m2 |
15 | 50 |
15 | 90 |
30 | 50 |
30 | 90 |
Łosiów (Location 2) | |
Row Spacing (cm) | Soybean Variety |
12 | Abelina (variety 1) |
12 | Lissabon (variety 2) |
45 | Abelina (variety 1) |
45 | Lissabon (variety 2) |
Dominance D (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Species | Location 1 | Location 2 |
Thrips tabaci | 42.54 | 35.17 |
Aelothrips intermedius | 15.95 | 11.04 |
Thrips fuscipennis | 11.87 | 6.94 |
Limothrips denticornis | 1.50 | 2.52 |
Limothrips cerealium | 4.82 | 5.99 |
Thrips flavus | 0.82 | 1.42 |
Chirothrips manicatus | 1.22 | 2.52 |
Thrips nigropilosus | 4.87 | 3.94 |
Anapothrips obscurus | 1.05 | 1.74 |
Thrips physapus | 2.52 | 4.42 |
Thrips major | 0.65 | 0.79 |
Thrips atratus | 2.02 | 4.73 |
Odontothrips loti | 2.35 | 4.10 |
Neohydatothrips gracilicornis | 0.30 | 0.16 |
Haplothrips aculeatus | 0.67 | 0.00 |
Limothrips spp. | 3.20 | 5.21 |
Aeolothrips fasciatus | 0.07 | 0.16 |
Frankliniella intonsa | 0.37 | 0.63 |
Haplothrips spp. | 3.17 | 6.47 |
Chirothrips spp. | 0.00 | 2.05 |
Permutation N | Total Sum of Squares | Within-Group Sum of Squares | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
9999 | 3.6 | 3.119 | 32.87 | 0.0001 |
Coef | Stand Err | z | p > |z| | [0.025 | 0.975] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thrips All | ||||||
Intercept | 4.9882 | 0.495 | 10.068 | 0.000 | 4.017 | 5.959 |
Phenological stage | −0.3727 | 0.104 | −3.591 | 0.000 | −0.576 | −0.169 |
Year | −0.1859 | 0.104 | −1.792 | 0.073 | −0.389 | 0.017 |
Row spacing | −0.0034 | 0.011 | −0.300 | 0.764 | −0.026 | 0.019 |
Seed density | −0.0048 | 0.004 | −1.141 | 0.254 | −0.013 | 0.003 |
Thrips tabaci | ||||||
Intercept | 4.9125 | 0.513 | 9.568 | 0.000 | 3.906 | 5.919 |
Phenological stage | −0.5924 | 0.108 | −5.488 | 0.000 | −0.804 | −0.381 |
Year | −0.4272 | 0.108 | −3.964 | 0.000 | −0.638 | −0.216 |
Row spacing | −0.0015 | 0.012 | −0.132 | 0.895 | −0.024 | 0.021 |
Seed density | −0.0071 | 0.004 | −1.609 | 0.108 | −0.016 | 0.002 |
Aeolothrips intermedius | ||||||
Intercept | 3.7813 | 0.550 | 6.870 | 0.000 | 2.703 | 4.860 |
Phenological stage | −0.6203 | 0.117 | −5.311 | 0.000 | −0.849 | −0.391 |
Year | −0.3810 | 0.116 | −3.282 | 0.001 | −0.609 | −0.153 |
Row spacing | −0.0041 | 0.013 | −0.323 | 0.747 | −0.029 | 0.021 |
seed density | −0.0047 | 0.005 | −1.005 | 0.315 | −0.014 | 0.005 |
Thrips fuscipennis | ||||||
Intercept | 3.1205 | 0.569 | 5.483 | 0.000 | 2.005 | 4.236 |
Phenological stage | −0.7654 | 0.122 | −6.254 | 0.000 | −1.005 | −0.526 |
Year | −0.1748 | 0.120 | −1.455 | 0.146 | −0.410 | 0.061 |
Row_spacing | 0.0040 | 0.013 | 0.306 | 0.760 | −0.022 | 0.030 |
Seed_density | −0.0040 | 0.005 | −0.810 | 0.418 | −0.014 | 0.006 |
Coef | Stand Err | z | p > |z| | [0.025 | 0.975] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thrips All | ||||||
Intercept: | 1.3849 | 0.602 | 2.301 | 0.021 | −2.564 | −0.205 |
Phenological stage | 1.0403 | 0.160 | 6.489 | 0.000 | 0.726 | 1.355 |
Year | 0.8223 | 0.258 | 3.185 | 0.001 | 0.316 | 1.328 |
Row spacing | 0.0014 | 0.008 | 0.183 | 0.854 | −0.014 | 0.017 |
Variety | −0.0891 | 0.258 | −0.346 | 0.729 | −0.594 | 0.416 |
Thrips tabaci | ||||||
Intercept: | 1.2135 | 0.438 | 1.566 | 0.000 | 2.007 | 5.923 |
Phenological stage | −0.3842 | 0.150 | 6.498 | 0.000 | −1.007 | −0.341 |
Year | −0.2453 | 0.150 | 2.347 | 0.000 | −0.312 | 0.009 |
Row spacing | −0.0132 | 0.011 | 0.023 | 0.5611 | −0.027 | 0.064 |
Variety | −0.0024 | 0.024 | −0.024 | 0.4388 | −0.017 | 0.032 |
Aeolothrips intermedius | ||||||
Intercept: | 3.7813 | 0.550 | 1.482 | 0.000 | 2.723 | 4.865 |
Phenological stage | −0.6203 | 0.117 | 5.242 | 0.000 | −0.888 | −0.541 |
Year | −0.3810 | 0.116 | 2.245 | 0.000 | −0.672 | −0.131 |
Row spacing | −0.0041 | 0.013 | −0.044 | 0.5611 | −0.029 | 0.021 |
Variety | −0.0047 | 0.005 | −1.054 | 0.4388 | −0.014 | 0.005 |
Thrips fuscipennis | ||||||
Intercept: | 3.1205 | 0.569 | 1.243 | 0.000 | 3.908 | 4.241 |
Phenological stage | −0.7654 | 0.122 | 4.285 | 0.000 | −0.624 | −0.126 |
Year | −0.1748 | 0.120 | −0.054 | 0.000 | −0.638 | −0.381 |
Row spacing | 0.0040 | 0.013 | −0.056 | 0.5611 | −0.031 | 0.021 |
Variety | −0.0040 | 0.005 | −1.005 | 0.4388 | −0.023 | 0.019 |
Species | Abbreviation | Trophic Group | Food Specialization | Main Host Plants (If Applicable) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aeolothrips fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | AelFasc | predatory | mainly adult and larvae of thrips, supplements the diet with plant pollen | [27,28] | |
Aeolothrips intermedius * (Bagnall, 1934) | AeolIntr | predatory | mainly adult and larvae of thrips and mites, supplements the diet with plant pollen | [21,29,30,31] | |
Chirothrips manicatus (Haliday, 1836) | ChirManc | herbivore | oligophagous | monocotyledonous | [15,29] |
Haplothrips aculeatus (Fabricius, 1803) | HaplAcul | herbivore | oligophagous | monocotyledonous | [28,29] |
Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schrank, 1781) | HaplLeuc | herbivore | oligophagous | monocotyledonous | [29] |
Limothrips cerealium (Haliday, 1836) | LimtCere | herbivore | oligophagous | monocotyledonous | [28,29] |
Limothrips denticornis (Haliday, 1836) | LimtDent | herbivore | oligophagous | monocotyledonous | [28] |
Odontothrips loti (Haliday, 1852) | OdonLoti | herbivore | oligophagous | Fabaceae | [29,32,33] |
Neohydatothrips gracilicornis (Williams, 1916) | NGracl | herbivore | oligophagous | Fabaceae, often on Vicia spp. | [34,35] |
Thrips atratus (Haliday, 1836) | ThripAtr | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers on a wide range of host plants, often on Asteraceae and Fabaceae | [30,34] |
Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom, 1895) | FranInt | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers and leaves on a wide range of host plants often on Fabaceae | [32,36,37] |
Haplothrips niger (Osborn, 1883) | HaplNigr | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers on a wide range of host plants, often on Fabaceae | [38] |
Thrips flavus (Schrank, 1776) | ThripFlav | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers on a wide range of host plants, often on Fabaceae | [30,32] |
Thrips fuscipennis (Hailday, 1836) | ThripFusc | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers and leaves on a wide range of host plants, often on Rosaceae and Fabaceae | [30,32] |
Thrips major (Uzel, 1895) | ThripMajr | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers and leaves on a wide range of host plants, often on Rosaceae and Fabaceae | [30,32] |
Thrips nigropilosus Uzel, 1985 | ThripNigr | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers on a wide range of host plants including Fabaceae | [33,39] |
Thrips tabaci (Lindemann, 1889) | ThripTabc | herbivore | polyphagous | feeds on flowers on a wide range of host plants including Fabaceae | [30] |
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Twardowski, J.; Gruss, I.; Cierpisz, M.; Twardowska, K.; Magiera-Dulewicz, J.; Kozak, M. Diversity of Thrips Species Associated with Soybean Grown in Different Plant Arrangements at Various Phenological Stages. Agriculture 2024, 14, 1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091501
Twardowski J, Gruss I, Cierpisz M, Twardowska K, Magiera-Dulewicz J, Kozak M. Diversity of Thrips Species Associated with Soybean Grown in Different Plant Arrangements at Various Phenological Stages. Agriculture. 2024; 14(9):1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091501
Chicago/Turabian StyleTwardowski, Jacek, Iwona Gruss, Marcin Cierpisz, Kamila Twardowska, Joanna Magiera-Dulewicz, and Marcin Kozak. 2024. "Diversity of Thrips Species Associated with Soybean Grown in Different Plant Arrangements at Various Phenological Stages" Agriculture 14, no. 9: 1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091501