An Analysis of the Importance of Success Factors for Cloud Computing System Adoption in Vessel Traffic Service Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Technology Dimension
2.2. Organization Dimension
2.3. Environment Dimension
2.4. Institutional Dimension
3. Methodology
3.1. Delphi Method
3.2. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method
- It provides a structured approach to quantify expert judgments;
- It allows for the calculation of consistency ratios, ensuring the reliability of the pairwise comparisons;
- It enables the derivation of relative weights for each factor, providing a clear priority ranking.
4. Analytical Results
4.1. Delphi Method
- Minimum of three years of practical experience in VTS, maritime industry, or maritime IT;
- Diverse representation from academia, research institutes, industry, and government agencies;
- Inclusion of experts with various roles and responsibilities within the VTS ecosystem.
4.2. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method
5. Discussion
5.1. Technological Dimension
5.2. Institutional Dimension
5.3. Environmental Dimension
5.4. Organizational Dimension
5.5. Open Challenges
- Data sovereignty and privacy: As VTS systems handle sensitive maritime data, ensuring data sovereignty and privacy in a cloud environment remains a significant challenge. Future research should explore how to balance the benefits of cloud computing with strict data protection requirements;
- Interoperability between different VTS systems: With various VTS systems potentially adopting different cloud solutions, ensuring seamless interoperability between these systems is crucial. Further studies are needed to develop standardized protocols and interfaces for VTS cloud systems;
- Cybersecurity in a connected environment: As VTS systems become more connected through cloud adoption, they may become more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Developing robust cybersecurity measures specifically tailored for cloud-based VTS systems is an ongoing challenge;
- Performance optimization for real-time operations: VTS operations require real-time data processing and decision-making. Optimizing cloud performance to meet these stringent requirements, especially in areas with limited network infrastructure, remains a challenge;
- Regulatory compliance in a rapidly evolving technological landscape: As cloud technologies evolve rapidly, ensuring that VTS cloud systems remain compliant with maritime regulations and standards is an ongoing challenge that requires continuous attention.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Study | Sector | Key Success Factors |
---|---|---|---|
Technology | Yoo and Kim [15], “A Decision-Making Model for Cloud Computing Adoption” | IT | Performance improvement, cost reduction |
Lian et al. [10], “Critical Factors Influencing Cloud Computing Adoption in Hospitals” | Healthcare | Security, system integration, maintenance | |
Kang [18], “Priorities of Cloud Computing Adoption Factors in Business” | Business | Cost reduction, performance improvement, data management | |
Gui et al. [19], “Vendor Lock-In and Interoperability Challenges in Cloud Adoption for SMEs” | SMEs | Interoperability, data portability | |
Sharma et al. [21], “Technological Factors in Cloud Adoption for Higher Education” | Education | Accessibility, scalability, user-friendliness | |
Waqar et al. [22], “Key Success Factors for Cloud Computing Adoption in Construction Projects” | Construction | Project management, resource optimization, cost reduction | |
Organization | Amini and Bakri [23], “Top Management Support in Cloud Adoption for SMEs” | SMEs | Leadership, strategic vision, resource allocation |
Alshamaila et al. [24], “Organizational Factors Affecting Cloud Adoption in SMEs” | SMEs | Organizational culture, employee training, change management | |
Gangwar et al. [26], “Readiness for Cloud Adoption in Critical Infrastructure Systems” | General | Technical readiness, resource availability, security | |
Ahmed [29], “Long-Term Vision and Resource Commitment in Cloud Adoption for SMEs” | SMEs | Long-term goal setting, resource allocation, sustainability | |
Cho et al. [30], “Success Factors for Overseas Market Expansion in Large Enterprises Using Cloud” | Large-scale enterprise | Executive support, global strategy, resource allocation | |
Environment | Kang and Kim [11], “Environmental Factors Influencing Cloud Adoption in Cyber Universities” | Education | Internet infrastructure, policy support, technology acceptance |
Ahmed [29], “General Environmental Factors for Cloud Adoption” | General | Regulatory compliance, market demand, competitive pressure | |
Al-Ramahi et al. [31], “Sustainable Cloud Adoption in Higher Education Institutions” | Higher education | Sustainability, cost efficiency, energy saving | |
Institutional | Tashkandi and Al-Jabri [32], “Regulatory Policies for Cloud Adoption in Educational Institutions” | Education | Data security regulations, accessibility policies, standards compliance |
Amini and Bakri [23], “Government Support for Cloud Adoption in SMEs” | SMEs | Government grants, policy support, infrastructure investment | |
Naveed et al. [36], “Institutional Factors for Cloud-Based Mobile Learning” | Education | Institutional support, technical infrastructure, educational policy | |
- | Shin et al. [Current Study], “Key Success Factors for Cloud Computing Adoption in VTS Systems” | VTS | System stability, security, scalability, real-time data processing, operational efficiency, etc. |
n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.57 | 1.59 |
Division | Frequency | Rate [%] | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 20–29 | 3 | 5.00 |
30–39 | 35 | 58.33 | |
40–49 | 15 | 25.00 | |
50–59 | 6 | 10.00 | |
60–69 | 1 | 1.67 | |
Careers (years) | 3–4 | 7 | 11.67 |
5–6 | 14 | 23.33 | |
7–8 | 10 | 16.67 | |
9– | 29 | 48.33 | |
Employment | University/educational institution | 15 | 25.00 |
Government department | 40 | 66.67 | |
IT company | 4 | 6.67 | |
Other | 1 | 1.67 | |
Major filed | VTS operation | 35 | 58.33 |
VTS facility | 6 | 10.00 | |
Maritime industry | 16 | 26.67 | |
IT | 2 | 3.33 | |
Other | 1 | 1.67 |
Main Dimension | Sub-Dimension (30) |
---|---|
Technology dimension | Stability, convenience, efficiency, integration, compatibility, manageability, customization, flexibility, security |
Organization dimension | Resource investment, long-term vision for the organization, prior experience, final objectives, internal human resources |
Environment dimension | Cloud computing maintenance costs, data communication speed, regulations and policies on cybersecurity, cloud computing adoption costs, technical support from cloud computing providers, expertise of cloud computing providers, education, high-performance computer resources, openness, adequate testing before cloud computing adoption |
Institutional dimension | Government support, government research and development (R&D) support, cloud computing technology standards and validation, government policies, legal liability and insurance, establishment of company guidelines |
Main Dimension | Sub-Dimension (20) |
---|---|
Technology dimension | Stability, convenience, efficiency, integration, compatibility, manageability, security |
Organization dimension | Resource investment, long-term vision for the organization, internal human resources |
Environment dimension | Data communication speed, regulations and policies on cybersecurity, technical support from cloud computing providers, expertise of cloud computing providers, adequate testing before cloud computing adoption, high-performance computing resources |
Institutional dimension | Government support for cloud computing personnel recruitment, government R&D support, cloud computing technology standards and validation, legal liability and insurance |
Main Dimension | Sub-Dimension | Definition |
---|---|---|
Technology dimension | Stability | The ability of the cloud computing system in VTS to provide consistent and uninterrupted services |
Security | The cyber-security capabilities used to protect systems, applications, and data in the cloud environment from external attacks | |
Integration | The ability to effectively combine and manage the systems, applications, and data of nationwide VTS | |
Organization dimension | Resource investment | The financial support from an organizational dimension for cloud computing technology, implementation, and operation |
Internal human resources | The support of human resources within the organization necessary to effectively manage and maintain the cloud infrastructure | |
Long-term vision for the organization | Setting the long-term goals and direction that the organization pursues for the adoption of a ‘cloud computing-based VTS system’ | |
Environment dimension | Data communication speed | The speed of data transmission and processing between servers (RADAR, AIS, VHF, etc.) |
Adequate testing before cloud computing adoption | Conducting sufficient testing before deploying the cloud computing system in a real environment | |
High-performance computing resources | The hardware resources with high-performance processing capabilities. It typically refers to servers, storage, and network equipment | |
Institutional dimension | Human resources support from the government | The government’s support of human resources for cloud management and operation |
Government R&D support | The government’s financial and policy support for the R&D of a ‘cloud computing-based VTS system’ | |
Cloud computing technology standards and validation | The process of verifying whether the cloud-related infrastructure and services meet the organization’s internal requirements and security standards, and standardizing and validating them if necessary |
Division | Frequency | Rate [%] | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 20–29 | 3 | 5.08 |
30–39 | 34 | 57.63 | |
40–49 | 15 | 25.42 | |
50–59 | 6 | 10.17 | |
60–69 | 1 | 1.69 | |
Careers (years) | 3–4 | 7 | 11.86 |
5–6 | 13 | 22.03 | |
7–8 | 10 | 16.95 | |
9– | 29 | 49.15 | |
Employment | University/educational institution | 15 | 25.42 |
Government department | 39 | 66.10 | |
IT company | 4 | 6.78 | |
Other | 1 | 1.69 | |
Major filed | VTS operation | 34 | 57.63 |
VTS facility | 6 | 10.17 | |
Maritime industry | 16 | 27.12 | |
IT | 2 | 3.39 | |
Other | 1 | 1.68 |
Main Dimension | Weight | Priority |
---|---|---|
Technology dimension | 0.3342 | 1 |
Institutional dimension | 0.2387 | 2 |
Environment dimension | 0.2135 | 3 |
Organization dimension | 0.2137 | 4 |
Main Dimension | Sub-Factor | Local Weight | Local Priority | Global Weight | Global Priority |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Technology dimension | Stability | 0.4989 | 1 | 0.1667 | 1 |
Security | 0.2805 | 2 | 0.0937 | 3 | |
Integration | 0.2206 | 3 | 0.0737 | 5 | |
Institutional dimension | Human resources support from the government | 0.3592 | 1 | 0.0857 | 2 |
Government R&D support | 0.3264 | 2 | 0.0779 | 4 | |
Cloud computing technology standards and validation | 0.3144 | 3 | 0.0750 | 6 | |
Environment dimension | Adequate testing before cloud computing adoption | 0.3873 | 1 | 0.0827 | 7 |
Data communication speed | 0.3185 | 2 | 0.0680 | 9 | |
High-performance computing resources | 0.2942 | 3 | 0.0628 | 10 | |
Organization dimension | Resource investment | 0.3612 | 1 | 0.0772 | 8 |
Internal human resources | 0.3467 | 2 | 0.0741 | 11 | |
Long-term vision for the organization | 0.2922 | 3 | 0.0624 | 12 |
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Shin, G.-h.; Yoo, Y.; Song, C.-U. An Analysis of the Importance of Success Factors for Cloud Computing System Adoption in Vessel Traffic Service Systems. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091504
Shin G-h, Yoo Y, Song C-U. An Analysis of the Importance of Success Factors for Cloud Computing System Adoption in Vessel Traffic Service Systems. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(9):1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091504
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Gil-ho, Yunja Yoo, and Chae-Uk Song. 2024. "An Analysis of the Importance of Success Factors for Cloud Computing System Adoption in Vessel Traffic Service Systems" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 9: 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091504