Research on the Collection Characteristics of a Hydraulic Collector for Seafloor Massive Sulfides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Method
2.1. Governing Equation
2.2. Force Acting on Particles
2.2.1. Fluid–Particle Interaction
2.2.2. Particle Collision Force
2.3. CFD-DEM Coupling Method
3. Design Parameters and Modeling
3.1. Design Parameters
3.2. Numerical Modeling
3.2.1. Geometric Model and Mesh Model
3.2.2. Initial State of Particles
3.2.3. Numerical Setups
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Analysis of Flow Field Characteristics
4.2. Ore Collection Mechanism
4.3. The Effect of Drum Speeds on Collection Characteristics
4.3.1. Flow Field Characteristics
4.3.2. Particle Dynamics Characteristics
4.3.3. The Influence of Drum Speed on Ore Collection Performance
5. Preliminary Assessment of Simulation Results
5.1. Experimental Setup and Materials
5.2. Experimental Assessment
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- For an SMS ore with a density of 2670 kg/m3 and a maximum diameter of 20 mm, effective collection can be achieved when the outlet flow velocity of the suction head is 3 m/s.
- (2)
- The collection process of deep-sea seafloor massive sulfide mainly goes through three stages: particle disturbance start-up, partial particle influx, and stable collection. The particle collection tracks have randomness. In addition, excessive rotation speed of the drum will cause particle splashing, which is unfavorable to the ore collection.
- (3)
- Appropriately increasing the drum rotation speed is conducive to improving the hydraulic ore collection efficiency, such as 45 r/min ore collection efficiency compared to 15 r/min to improve 11.2%. However, too high a rotational speed will reduce the ore collection performance. Therefore, in practical application, it is necessary to set the drum speed within a reasonable range.
- (4)
- The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which not only indicates the accuracy of the numerical simulation method but also demonstrates the feasibility of the collecting device.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cutter Head | Suction Head | ||
---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Value | Parameters | Value |
Diameter (m) | 1 | L (m) | 1 |
Width (m) | 1 | H (m) | 0.2 |
Drum diameter (m) | 0.76 | B (m) | 0.4 |
Number of teeth | 30 | (°) | 120 |
Installation angle (°) | 45 | d (m) | 0.235 |
(°) | 135 |
Particle Size Range/mm | Value | F(d) | Mass Ratio of Particle Size Range |
---|---|---|---|
≤5.9 | 5.9 | 0.08 | 8% |
5.9~7 | 6.3 | 0.1407 | 6.07% |
7~8.39 | 7.8 | 0.2472 | 10.65% |
8.39~10 | 9.5 | 0.4104 | 16.32% |
10~11.88 | 11.1 | 0.6186 | 20.82% |
11.88~16.75 | 14.5 | 0.9598 | 34.12% |
16.75~20 | 18.2 | 1 | 4.02% |
Parameter | Similarity Ratio | |
---|---|---|
Type | Name | |
Geometric parameters | Diameter, width, tooth spacing, cross-sectional depth | |
angle, number of teeth | 1 | |
Operation parameters | Rotating speed | |
Forward speed, outlet velocity of the fluid | ||
Particle | Density | 1 |
Particle size | ||
Result | Volume concentration | 1 |
Mass flow |
Forward Speed (m/s) | Rotation Speed (r/min) | Outlet Velocity (×10−2 m/s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | Simulation | 0.047 | 60 | 3 |
Experiment | 0.03 | 95 | 1.87 | |
Case 2 | Simulation | 0.047 | 60 | 3.62 |
Experiment | 0.03 | 95 | 2.29 |
Mass Flow Rate (kg/s) | Volume Concentration (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test | Error | Simulation | Test | Error | ||
Case 1 | 1.87 | 1.74 | 7.7% | 5.08 | 4.95 | 2.6% |
Case 2 | 1.92 | 1.87 | 2.7% | 4.46 | 4.25 | 4.9% |
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Dai, H.; Li, Y. Research on the Collection Characteristics of a Hydraulic Collector for Seafloor Massive Sulfides. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091534
Dai H, Li Y. Research on the Collection Characteristics of a Hydraulic Collector for Seafloor Massive Sulfides. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(9):1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091534
Chicago/Turabian StyleDai, Huan, and Yan Li. 2024. "Research on the Collection Characteristics of a Hydraulic Collector for Seafloor Massive Sulfides" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 9: 1534. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091534