Metacognitive Effort Regulation across Cultures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Culture-Dependent Metacognitive Monitoring Accuracy
3. Control: Goal Setting and Effort Regulation
4. The Present Study
5. Method
5.1. Participants
5.2. Materials and Measures
5.3. Procedure
5.4. Analysis Plan
6. Results and Discussion
6.1. Metacognitive Monitoring
6.2. Metacognitive Control: Goal Setting and Effort Regulation
6.3. Interference of Holistic Processing
7. General Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Western General Public | Chinese Undergraduates | Israeli Undergraduates | One-Way ANOVA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measure | N = 77 | N = 74 | N = 143 | F | p | ηp2 |
Self-report responses | ||||||
Challenge posed by the task | 5.74 b (0.97) | 3.96 a (1.41) | 5.63 b (1.03) | 64.69 | <.001 | 0.31 |
Experience with thought-provoking games | 3.65 b (1.60) | 2.62 a (1.57) | 2.97 a (1.38) | 9.36 | <.001 | 0.06 |
Actively open-minded thinking | 5.13 b (0.94) | 4.75 a (0.99) | 5.36 b (0.80) | 11.59 | <.001 | 0.07 |
Time management | 4.71 b (1.27) | 4.29 a (0.91) | 5.21 c (1.27) | 15.33 | <.001 | 0.10 |
Need for cognition | 4.15 a (1.11) | 4.96 c (1.11) | 4.50 b (0.89) | 12.28 | <.001 | 0.08 |
Mindset (high represents fixed) | 3.44 a (1.15) | 4.19 b (1.39) | 3.69 a (1.35) | 6.42 | =.002 | 0.04 |
Objective and metacognitive measures | ||||||
Response time | 25.6 a (14.79) | 54.2 b (27.95) | 31.4 a (15.32) | 48.87 | <.001 | 0.25 |
Success rate | 43.4 a (16.13) | 66.5 b (20.54) | 49.2 a (17.59) | 34.42 | <.001 | 0.19 |
Efficiency | 1.24 b (0.62) | 0.87 a (0.44) | 1.09 b (0.51) | 9.52 | <.001 | 0.06 |
Confidence | 62.5 a (12.35) | 81.6 b (12.81) | 61.1 a (12.91) | 68.82 | <.001 | 0.32 |
Calibration | 19.1 b (16.53) | 15.2 ab (18.25) | 11.9 a (14.66) | 4.3 | =.008 | 0.03 |
Resolution | 0.31 a (0.28) | 0.57 c (0.34) | 0.43 b (0.33) | 13.68 | <.001 | 0.09 |
Interference of holistic processing | ||||||
Surrounding area—Success | 0.19 ab (0.26) | 0.28 b (0.26) | 0.18 a (0.27) | 3.71 | =.026 | 0.03 |
Surrounding area—Response time | 0.03 a (0.22) | −0.14 b (0.22) | −0.01 a (0.23) | 12.16 | <.001 | 0.08 |
Effect | Western General Public | Chinese Undergraduates | Israeli Undergraduates |
---|---|---|---|
Confidence | −0.80 *** (0.07) | −1.05 *** (0.11) | −0.70 *** (0.06) |
Confidence2 | −0.60 *** (0.20) | −1.57 *** (0.32) | −0.70 *** (0.17) |
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Ackerman, R.; Binah-Pollak, A.; Lauterman, T. Metacognitive Effort Regulation across Cultures. J. Intell. 2023, 11, 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11090171
Ackerman R, Binah-Pollak A, Lauterman T. Metacognitive Effort Regulation across Cultures. Journal of Intelligence. 2023; 11(9):171. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11090171
Chicago/Turabian StyleAckerman, Rakefet, Avital Binah-Pollak, and Tirza Lauterman. 2023. "Metacognitive Effort Regulation across Cultures" Journal of Intelligence 11, no. 9: 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11090171