Genotoxicity of Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide Nanomaterials in Rats Following Oral Exposure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Chemicals, NMs and Dispersion
2.2. Animals and Experimental Design
2.3. Tissue Collection and Sample Preparation
2.4. Alkaline Comet Assay and FpG-Modified Comet Assay
2.5. Bone Marrow Micronucleus Assay (BMMN)
2.6. Colon Micronucleus Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comet Assay
3.2. Bone Marrow Micronucleus Assay (BMMN)
3.3. Micronucleus Assay in Colon
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NM | NM-Code | Average Particle Size a (nm) | SSA b (m2/g) | Purity c | Bulk Density, True Density d (g/cm3) | Morphology | Pdi e | Z-Average Size in the Stock Solution Dispersion at 0 h e (nm) | Solubility f (24h) (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al0 | NM-0015-HP | 18 | 40–60 | >99% | 2.7 | Spherical | 0.17 ± 0.004 | 254 ± 4 | 0.48 ± 0.02 |
0.008–0.2 | |||||||||
γ-Al2o3 | NM-0036-HP | 20 | <200 | 99% | - | Spherical | 0.23 ± 0.015 | 168 ± 3 | 0.15 ± 0.01 |
0.9 |
Genotoxicity | Myelotoxicity | ||
---|---|---|---|
Micronucleated PCE/2 000 PCE | %PCEs | ||
Doses (mg/kg bw/day) | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
Control | 1.3 ± 0.91 | 72.5 ± 26 | |
Al0 | 6 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 66.3 ± 13 |
12.5 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 71.5 ± 8 | |
25 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 74.7 ± 16 | |
Al2O3 | 6 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 68.4 ± 18 |
12.5 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 65.8 ± 17 | |
25 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 56.7 ± 17 | |
AlCl3 | 25 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 65.9 ± 19 |
MMS | 100, 100, 80 | 16.7 ± 3.7 * | 44.5 ± 12 |
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Jalili, P.; Huet, S.; Lanceleur, R.; Jarry, G.; Hegarat, L.L.; Nesslany, F.; Hogeveen, K.; Fessard, V. Genotoxicity of Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide Nanomaterials in Rats Following Oral Exposure. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020305
Jalili P, Huet S, Lanceleur R, Jarry G, Hegarat LL, Nesslany F, Hogeveen K, Fessard V. Genotoxicity of Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide Nanomaterials in Rats Following Oral Exposure. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(2):305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020305
Chicago/Turabian StyleJalili, Pégah, Sylvie Huet, Rachelle Lanceleur, Gérard Jarry, Ludovic Le Hegarat, Fabrice Nesslany, Kevin Hogeveen, and Valérie Fessard. 2020. "Genotoxicity of Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide Nanomaterials in Rats Following Oral Exposure" Nanomaterials 10, no. 2: 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020305