Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphite Nanoplatelet Nanocomposite Filaments for Ligament Scaffolds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Production of Functionalized Micronized Graphite
2.2. Anchoring of Silver Nanoparticles onto Functionalized Exfoliated Graphite
2.3. Characterization of Functionalized Graphite
2.4. Production of Filaments
2.5. Characterization of the Composite Filaments
2.6. Scaffold Production and Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Functionalization of Graphite
3.2. Characterization of Functionalized Graphite
3.2.1. Thermogravimetry
3.2.2. Raman Spectroscopy
3.2.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.3. Characterization of the Composite Filaments
3.3.1. Macroscopic Characterization
3.3.2. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.3.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.3.4. Optical Microscopy
3.3.5. Raman Spectroscopy
3.3.6. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3.3.7. Mechanical Characterization
3.3.8. Electrical Resistivity
3.3.9. Biodegradation
3.4. Scaffold Production and Characterization
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Filament | Fil3D | FilText | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tonset (°C) | Residue (wt.%) | Tonset (°C) | Residue (wt.%) | ||
PLA | 351 | - | 301.6 | - | |
PLA+0.25 | EG | 347 | 0.43 ± 0.21 | 318 | 0.20 ± 0.25 |
PLA+0.5 | 342 | 0.74 ± 0.22 | 295 | 0.39 ± 0.31 | |
PLA+1 | 342 | 1.02 ± 0.88 | 307 | 1.14 ± 1.30 | |
PLA+2 | 328 | 1.44 ± 0.37 | 301 | 2.34 ± 1.74 | |
PLA+0.25 | f-EG | 342 | 0.23 ± 0.25 | 310 | 0.48 ± 0.74 |
PLA+0.5 | 339 | 0.73 ± 0.16 | 310 | 0.36 ± 0.58 | |
PLA+1 | 342 | 1.13 ± 1.17 | 307 | 1.15 ± 0.26 | |
PLA+2 | 328 | 2.00 ± 0.96 | 312 | 2.18 ± 1.72 | |
PLA+0.25 | (f-EG)+Ag | 343 | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 323 | 0.21 ± 0.85 |
PLA+0.5 | 344 | 0.55 ± 0.27 | 327 | 0.53 ± 0.44 | |
PLA+1 | 330 | 1.43 ± 1.40 | 309 | 1.06 ± 1.10 | |
PLA+2 | 338 | 2.04 ± 0.85 | 304 | 1.02 ± 0.22 |
Filament | Average Agglomerate Size | Number of Agglomerates | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(µm2) | (mm−2) | ||||
Fil3D | FilText | Fil3D | FilText | ||
PLA+0.25 | EG | 2.97 | 1.37 | 2757 | 11,025 |
PLA+0.5 | 2.34 | 0.72 | 6691 | 11,675 | |
PLA+1 | 5.90 | 7.35 | 6032 | 27,244 | |
PLA+2 | 6.53 | 4.92 | 6223 | 29,534 | |
PLA+0.25 | f-EG | 5.30 | 3.52 | 2390 | 6523 |
PLA+0.5 | 2.67 | 1.83 | 7735 | 7806 | |
PLA+1 | 6.95 | 8.76 | 3378 | 12,045 | |
PLA+2 | 10.91 | 3.64 | 4378 | 14,813 | |
PLA+0.25 | (f-EG)+Ag | 2.53 | 3.38 | 6671 | 9132 |
PLA+0.5 | 4.06 | 0.60 | 5154 | 9749 | |
PLA+1 | 11.83 | 3.66 | 2992 | 12,170 | |
PLA+2 | 6.69 | 4.66 | 6118 | 20,430 |
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Silva, M.; Gomes, C.; Pinho, I.; Gonçalves, H.; Vale, A.C.; Covas, J.A.; Alves, N.M.; Paiva, M.C. Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphite Nanoplatelet Nanocomposite Filaments for Ligament Scaffolds. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112796
Silva M, Gomes C, Pinho I, Gonçalves H, Vale AC, Covas JA, Alves NM, Paiva MC. Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphite Nanoplatelet Nanocomposite Filaments for Ligament Scaffolds. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(11):2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112796
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva, Magda, Carina Gomes, Isabel Pinho, Hugo Gonçalves, Ana C. Vale, José A. Covas, Natália M. Alves, and Maria C. Paiva. 2021. "Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphite Nanoplatelet Nanocomposite Filaments for Ligament Scaffolds" Nanomaterials 11, no. 11: 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112796