Optimal Computational Modeling and Simulation of QCA Reversible Gates for Information Reliability in Nano-Quantum Circuits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- an overview of previously proposed QCA-based reversible gates;
- performance optimization of QCA-based reversible gates such as TR, RUGs, PQR, and URGs;
- significant performance improvement in two representative design cost metrics related to area delay and energy delay;
- remarkable improvement in average output polarization required for reliability of circuit interconnection and expansion.
2. Related Works
2.1. Reversible Gates
2.2. Background of QCA
3. Proposed Reversible Gates Based on QCA
4. Comparison and Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | QCADesigner 2.0.3 Bistable Approximation | QCADesigner-E Coherence Vector with Energy |
---|---|---|
Cell size (nm) | 18 | 18 |
Dot diameter (nm) | 5 | 5 |
Cell separation (nm) | 2 | 2 |
Layer separation (nm) | 11.5 | 11.5 |
Clock high (J) | 9.8 × 10−22 | 9.8 × 10−22 |
Clock low (J) | 3.8 × 10−23 | 3.8 × 10−23 |
Clock shift | 0 | 0 |
Clock amplitude factor | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Relative permittivity | 12.9 | 12.9 |
Radius of effect (nm) | 65 | 80 |
Number of samples | 12,800 | - |
Convergence tolerance | 1.0 × 10−3 | - |
Maximum iterations per sample | 100 | - |
Temperature (K) | - | 1 |
Relaxation time (s) | - | 1.0 × 10−15 |
Clock slope (s) | - | 1.0 × 10−12 |
Time step (s) | - | 1.0 × 10−16 |
Clock period (s) | - | 4.0 × 10−12 |
Cell Count | Area | Delay | E. D. | CostAD | CostED | AOP | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Circuits | No. | Ratio | µm2 | Ratio | Clocks | Ratio | 10−2 eV | ratio | AD2 | Ratio | E2D2 | Ratio | ||
TR | [28] | 116 | 4.00 | 0.3319 | 13.13 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 4.75 | 5.46 | 0.3319 | 52.54 | 22.56 | 119.24 | 9.37 |
[29] | 68 | 2.34 | 0.0737 | 2.92 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.33 | 3.83 | 0.0737 | 11.66 | 11.09 | 58.60 | 9.54 | |
[30] | 225 | 7.76 | 0.4868 | 19.26 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 7.35 | 8.45 | 3.0425 | 481.56 | 337.64 | 1784.33 | 9.55 | |
[31] | 42 | 1.45 | 0.0411 | 1.63 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 1.73 | 1.99 | 0.0231 | 3.66 | 1.68 | 8.90 | 9.48 | |
Figure 5b | 29 | 1.00 | 0.0253 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.0063 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 1.00 | 9.87 | |
RUG | [32] | 106 | 2.59 | 0.1042 | 2.77 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 4.68 | 3.04 | 0.1042 | 4.93 | 21.90 | 16.42 | 9.38 |
[33] | 187 | 4.56 | 0.2034 | 5.41 | 1.25 | 1.67 | 6.08 | 3.95 | 0.3178 | 15.02 | 57.76 | 43.30 | 9.54 | |
[31] | 68 | 1.66 | 0.0773 | 2.06 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 1.87 | 1.21 | 0.0773 | 3.65 | 3.50 | 2.62 | 9.51 | |
Figure 6b | 41 | 1.00 | 0.0376 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.54 | 1.00 | 0.0212 | 1.00 | 1.33 | 1.00 | 9.74 | |
PQR | [10] | 90 | 2.57 | 0.0940 | 4.31 | 1 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 0.87 | 0.0940 | 17.24 | 4.84 | 3.05 | 9.53 |
[31] | 40 | 1.14 | 0.0388 | 1.78 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 1.41 | 0.56 | 0.0218 | 4.00 | 1.12 | 0.70 | 9.50 | |
Figure 7b | 35 | 1.00 | 0.0218 | 1.00 | 0.5 | 1.00 | 2.52 | 1.00 | 0.0055 | 1.00 | 1.59 | 1.00 | 9.90 | |
URG | [11] | 134 | 3.05 | 0.1731 | 3.94 | 1 | 1.33 | 5.12 | 2.96 | 0.1731 | 7.01 | 26.21 | 15.57 | 9.53 |
[34] | 114 | 2.59 | 0.2211 | 5.03 | 1 | 1.33 | 4.91 | 2.84 | 0.2211 | 8.95 | 24.11 | 14.32 | 9.53 | |
[31] | 62 | 1.41 | 0.0602 | 1.37 | 1 | 1.33 | 2.87 | 1.66 | 0.0602 | 2.44 | 8.24 | 4.89 | 9.48 | |
Figure 8b | 44 | 1.00 | 0.0439 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.73 | 1.00 | 0.0247 | 1.00 | 1.68 | 1.00 | 9.87 |
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Jeon, J.-C. Optimal Computational Modeling and Simulation of QCA Reversible Gates for Information Reliability in Nano-Quantum Circuits. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171460
Jeon J-C. Optimal Computational Modeling and Simulation of QCA Reversible Gates for Information Reliability in Nano-Quantum Circuits. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(17):1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171460
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeon, Jun-Cheol. 2024. "Optimal Computational Modeling and Simulation of QCA Reversible Gates for Information Reliability in Nano-Quantum Circuits" Nanomaterials 14, no. 17: 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171460