Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Based on Labeling with Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Synthesis and Modification of NPs for Labeling DNA Applications
2.1. Synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs
2.2. Synthesis of QDs
2.3. Functionalization of Metal NPs and QDs with Biomolecules
3. Electrochemical Determination of NPs and QDs Labels
3.1. Voltammetric Determination of AuNPs Labels
Signal Enhancement Strategies Using AuNPs Labels
3.2. Voltammetric Determination of AgNPs Labels
3.3. Voltammetric Determination of QDs Labels
3.3.1. Mercury-Based Sensors for QD-Based DNA Assay
3.3.2. Bismuth- and Tin-Based Sensors for QD-Based DNA Assay
3.3.3. Signal Enhancement Strategies Using QD Labels
4. Multiplexed Detection of DNA Sequences Exploiting NPs as Labels
5. Paper-Based Devices for DNA Sensing Using NPs as Labels
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Electrode | Analyte | Signal Amplification | QDs | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
MFE plated in situ on GCE | 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus | CNTs | CdSe | [35] |
MFE plated in situ on GCE | Single DNA target | CNTs/AuNPs/MBs | CdSe–CdS | [36] |
MFE plated in situ on GCE | Multiple DNA targets | MBs | ZnS, PbS, CdS, | [38] |
MFE plated in situ on GCE | Single DNA target | CNTs | CdS | [40] |
Carbon SPCE | Cystic-fibrosis-related DNA sequence | MBs | CdS | [53] |
BiFE plated in situ on GCE | Ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 in maize | MBs | CdTe, PbS | [60] |
MFE plated in situ on GCE | HPV-16 | PS | CdTe | [61] |
MFE plated in situ on GCE | Single DNA target | PS/MBs | CdS | [64] |
MFE plated in situ on GCE | Escherichia coli uropathogens | PS/MBs | CdS | [65] |
BiFE plated in situ on SPCE | Sequences of Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp., | - | PbS, CdS, ZnS | [67] |
HMDE | Virus of H5N1 chains | MBs | PbS, CdS, ZnS | [68] |
BiFE plated in situ on GCE | Multiple DNA targets | - | MT–Pb, MT–Cd, MT–Zn | [69] |
BiFE plated in situ on SPCE | Gene of Bacillus anthracis and gene of Salmonella enteritidis | MBs | PbS, CdS | [70] |
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Kokkinos, C. Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Based on Labeling with Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9101361
Kokkinos C. Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Based on Labeling with Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9(10):1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9101361
Chicago/Turabian StyleKokkinos, Christos. 2019. "Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Based on Labeling with Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 9, no. 10: 1361. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9101361