Regional Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Germany: A Small Area Analysis Based on Claims Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Study Design, Study Population, and Measures of Interest
2.3. Assessment of Antibiotic Prescriptions and Region of Residence
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Description of Prescription Rates
3.2. Proportional Distribution of Antibiotics by Antibiotic Subgroup
3.3. Regional Variations in Antibiotic Prescribing
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age Group in Years | Overall | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–1 | 2–5 | 6–9 | 10–14 | 15–17 | 18–24 | 25–34 | 35–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | ≥65 | ||
Study population, n | ||||||||||||
2010 | 136,559 | 436,886 | 480,760 | 701,457 | 378,154 | 1,013,358 | 1,688,664 | 1,837,739 | 2,293,396 | 1,734,896 | 2,685,105 | 13,386,974 |
2018 | 207,313 | 631,394 | 574,562 | 698,922 | 443,551 | 1,278,576 | 2,324,134 | 2,144,815 | 2,510,252 | 2,445,223 | 3,429,056 | 16,687,798 |
Antibiotic prescriptions, n | ||||||||||||
2010 | 111,057 | 466,396 | 284,940 | 269,106 | 207,945 | 594,281 | 904,525 | 1,015,324 | 1,176,770 | 976,126 | 1,661,508 | 7,667,978 |
2018 | 82,842 | 359,160 | 211,225 | 165,442 | 158,872 | 538,842 | 920,133 | 956,370 | 1,077,739 | 1,161,307 | 1,829,845 | 7,461,777 |
Standardized prescription rates a | ||||||||||||
2010 | 651.3 | 1069.1 | 596.0 | 384.0 | 552.9 | 579.6 | 526.8 | 547.3 | 505.0 | 555.1 | 629.0 | 574.6 |
2018 | 313.7 | 568.4 | 366.4 | 236.4 | 357.8 | 420.0 | 391.5 | 441.4 | 421.8 | 469.0 | 533.6 | 442.0 |
Change in prescription rate from 2010 to 2018 | −52% | −47% | −39% | −38% | −35% | −28% | −26% | −19% | −16% | −16% | −15% | −23% |
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Scholle, O.; Asendorf, M.; Buck, C.; Grill, S.; Jones, C.; Kollhorst, B.; Riedel, O.; Schüz, B.; Haug, U. Regional Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Germany: A Small Area Analysis Based on Claims Data. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070836
Scholle O, Asendorf M, Buck C, Grill S, Jones C, Kollhorst B, Riedel O, Schüz B, Haug U. Regional Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Germany: A Small Area Analysis Based on Claims Data. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(7):836. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070836
Chicago/Turabian StyleScholle, Oliver, Marieke Asendorf, Christoph Buck, Susann Grill, Christopher Jones, Bianca Kollhorst, Oliver Riedel, Benjamin Schüz, and Ulrike Haug. 2022. "Regional Variations in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Germany: A Small Area Analysis Based on Claims Data" Antibiotics 11, no. 7: 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070836