Gene emrC Associated with Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Is Common among Listeria monocytogenes from Meat Products and Meat Processing Plants in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Listeria Monocytogenes and Food Safety
1.2. Aim of the Study
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolates
4.2. Phenotypic Analysis
4.3. Genetic Analyses
4.4. Data Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Response to BC | Number of Isolates (%) |
---|---|
Sensitivity | 71 (46.4%) |
Intermediate | 3 (2.0%) |
Reduced sensitivity | 79 (51.6%) |
Gene Profile | Number of Isolates (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
emrC | bcrABC | qacH | ilsA | |
− | − | − | − | 69 (45.1%) |
+ | − | − | − | 59 (38.6%) |
− | − | − | + | 15 (9.8%) |
− | + | − | − | 5 (3.3%) |
+ | − | − | + | 3 (2.0)% |
+ | − | + | − | 1 (0.7)% |
+ | + | − | − | 1 (0.7)% |
Gene | Primers | Amplicon Size [bp] | Cycling Conditions | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
bcrABC | F: CATTAGAAGCAGTCGCAAAGCA R: GTTTTCGTGTCAGCAGATCTTTGA | 1100 | 94 °C 5 min; (94 °C 30 s; 57 °C 50 s; 72 °C 60 s) × 30; 72 °C 5 min | [12] |
emrC | F: TTATTCCATTTTATTACTGGCAATG R: CGTATTTATATTTAACACTAGCCA | 387 | 94 °C 2 min; (94 °C 15 s; 50 °C 30 s; 72 °C 30 s) × 36; 72 °C 5 min | [41] |
qacH | F: ATGTCATATCTATATTTAGC R: TCACTCTTCATTAATTGTAATAG | 366 | 95 °C 5 min; (95 °C 25 s; 48 °C 40 s; 72 °C 40 s) × 35; 72 °C 5 min | [32] |
ilsA | F: CGATTTCACAATGTGATAGGATG R: GCACATGCACCTCATAAC | 280 | 94 °C 5 min; (94 °C 30 s; 52 °C 30 s; 72 °C 60 s) × 30; 72 °C 5 min | [42] |
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Kawacka, I.; Olejnik-Schmidt, A. Gene emrC Associated with Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Is Common among Listeria monocytogenes from Meat Products and Meat Processing Plants in Poland. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080749
Kawacka I, Olejnik-Schmidt A. Gene emrC Associated with Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Is Common among Listeria monocytogenes from Meat Products and Meat Processing Plants in Poland. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(8):749. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080749
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawacka, Iwona, and Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt. 2024. "Gene emrC Associated with Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Is Common among Listeria monocytogenes from Meat Products and Meat Processing Plants in Poland" Antibiotics 13, no. 8: 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080749