Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory

Hattab, Siham; Ma, Adrienne H.; Tariq, Zoon; Vega Prado, Ilianne; Drobish, Ian; Lee, Rachel; Yee, Rebecca

doi:10.3390/antibiotics13080786

Open AccessReview

Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory

by

Siham Hattab

¹,

Adrienne H. Ma

²,

Zoon Tariq

¹

,

Ilianne Vega Prado

¹,

Ian Drobish

³,

Rachel Lee

⁴

and

Rebecca Yee

^1,*

¹

Department of Pathology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA

²

Department of Pharmacy, Valley View Hospital, Glenwood Springs, CO 81647, USA

³

Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

⁴

Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Antibiotics 2024, 13(8), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080786

Submission received: 15 July 2024 / Revised: 13 August 2024 / Accepted: 15 August 2024 / Published: 22 August 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing)

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Abstract

The rapid rise in increasingly resistant bacteria has become a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial in guiding appropriate therapeutic decisions and infection prevention practices for patient care. However, conventional culture-based AST methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, rapid AST approaches exist to address the delayed gap in time to actionable results. There are two main types of rapid AST technologies— phenotypic and genotypic approaches. In this review, we provide a summary of all commercially available rapid AST platforms for use in clinical microbiology laboratories. We describe the technologies utilized, performance characteristics, acceptable specimen types, types of resistance detected, turnaround times, limitations, and clinical outcomes driven by these rapid tests. We also discuss crucial factors to consider for the implementation of rapid AST technologies in a clinical laboratory and what the future of rapid AST holds.

Keywords: rapid antimicrobial susceptibility; antimicrobial resistance; infection prevention; diagnostics; molecular technologies; multiplex PCR

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hattab, S.; Ma, A.H.; Tariq, Z.; Vega Prado, I.; Drobish, I.; Lee, R.; Yee, R. Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080786

AMA Style

Hattab S, Ma AH, Tariq Z, Vega Prado I, Drobish I, Lee R, Yee R. Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(8):786. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080786

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hattab, Siham, Adrienne H. Ma, Zoon Tariq, Ilianne Vega Prado, Ian Drobish, Rachel Lee, and Rebecca Yee. 2024. "Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory" Antibiotics 13, no. 8: 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080786

APA Style

Hattab, S., Ma, A. H., Tariq, Z., Vega Prado, I., Drobish, I., Lee, R., & Yee, R. (2024). Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory. Antibiotics, 13(8), 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13080786

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory

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