Genomic Insights into Pediococcus pentosaceus ENM104: A Probiotic with Potential Antimicrobial and Cholesterol-Reducing Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Antibacterial Activity of Cell-Free Supernatants (CFSs) from Pediococcus pentosaceus ENM104
2.2. Genome and Plasmid Annotation of ENM104
2.3. Probiotic Properties of P. pentosaceus ENM104
2.4. Secondary Metabolite Identification
2.5. Cholesterol-Reducing Gene and GABA Synthesis Gene Identification
2.6. Pan-Genome Analysis
2.7. Comparative Genomic Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Microbiological Characterization
3.1.1. Bacterial Strains
3.1.2. Preparation of P. pentosaceus Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS)
3.1.3. Antibacterial Activity Using the Agar Well Diffusion Assay
3.2. Genomic Characterization and Bioinformatics Analysis
3.2.1. Genomic DNA Extraction and Whole-Genome Sequencing
3.2.2. Genome Assembly, Annotation, and Visualization
3.2.3. In Silico Analysis of Probiotic Properties of P. pentosaceus ENM104
3.2.4. Bacteriocin Identification and Secondary Metabolite Identification
3.2.5. Cholesterol-Reducing Gene and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Synthesis Gene Identification
3.2.6. Pan-Genome Analysis of Pediococcus Species
3.2.7. Comparative Genomic Analysis of ENM104
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Strains | Inhibition Zones (mm) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (h) | Non-Adjusted | Adjusted | ||||||
12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 | 15.17 ± 0.34 * | 15.33 ± 1.25 * | 15.67 ± 0.47 * | 16.83 ± 0.29 * | N | N | N | N |
Escherichia coli CREC003 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
Acinetobacter baumannii CRAB-SK005 | 12.33 ± 0.47 * | 13.33 ± 0.47 * | 14.83 ± 0.62 * | 15.50 ± 0.50 * | N | N | N | N |
Klebsiella pneumoniae CRKP10 | N | N | N | 12.17 ± 0.29 * | N | N | N | N |
Attribute | Chromosome | Plasmid |
---|---|---|
Genome size (bp) | 1,734,928 | 71,811 |
G + C content (%) | 37.2 | 38.1 |
Number of CDS | 1689 | 85 |
tRNA | 55 | 0 |
rRNA | 15 | 0 |
tmRNA | 1 | 0 |
RAST subsystems | 194 | 5 |
Gene | Function |
---|---|
Stress Resistance | |
Heat stress | |
htpX | Protease HtpX |
hrcA | Heat-inducible transcription repressor HrcA |
hslO | 33 kDa chaperonin |
dnaK | Chaperone protein DnaK |
dnaJ | Chaperone protein DnaJ |
ctsR | Transcriptional regulator CtsR |
grpE | Protein GrpE |
clp operon | ATP-dependent Clp protease |
hslV | ATP-dependent protease subunit HslV |
Acid stress | |
atp operon | ATP synthase subunit |
nhaC | Na(+)/H(+) antiporter NhaC |
Bile tolerance | |
ppaC | Manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase |
cfa | Cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase |
Vitamin biosynthesis | |
ribU | Riboflavin transporter FmnP |
ribZ | Riboflavin transporter RibZ |
ribF | Bifunctional riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase |
folT | Folate transporter FolT |
btuD | Vitamin B12 import ATP-binding protein BtuD |
ytrB | hypothetical protein |
lnrL | Linearmycin resistance ATP-binding protein LnrL |
Immunomodulation | |
dltA | D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase |
dltC | D-alanyl carrier protein |
dltD | Protein DltD |
Bacteriocin | |
pedA | Bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 |
Secondary metabolite biosynthesis | |
mtgA | Biosynthetic peptidoglycan transglycosylase |
Pediococcus Strains | Isolation Sources | GABA Production | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Pediococcus pentosaceus ENM104 | Fermented pork sausage | 4.49 ± 0.03 μg/mL | [12] |
Pediococcus pentosaceus JC30 | Traditional kimchi | 3.32 ± 0.04 mg/g | [35] |
Pediococcus acidilactici LSF1-1 | Fermented fish cake (Som fak) | 0.80 ± 0.00 g/L | [34] |
Pediococcus pentosaceus 56 | Traditional Mountain Malga (TMM) cheese | 9.6 ± 0.9 mg/L | [36] |
Pediococcus pentosaceus MN12 | Fermented fish sauce (mam nem) | 16.8 ± 0.00 mM | [37] |
Molecular Function | |
---|---|
Gene | Function |
sphR | Alkaline phosphatase synthesis transcriptional regulatory protein SphR |
xylQ | lpha-xylosidase XylQ |
bglC | Aryl-phospho-beta-D-glucosidase BglC |
adhR | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AdhR |
cmtB | Mannitol-specific cryptic phosphotransferase enzyme IIA component |
lmrA | Multidrug resistance ABC transporter ATP-binding and permease protein |
fryB | PTS system fructose-like EIIB component 1 |
hprS | Sensor histidine kinase HprS |
licT | Transcription antiterminator LicT |
btuD | Vitamin B12 import ATP-binding protein BtuD |
bglA | 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase BglA |
recD2 | ATP-dependent RecD-like DNA helicase |
lacM | Beta-galactosidase small subunit |
lpdC | Gallate decarboxylase |
mngB | Mannosylglycerate hydrolase |
pox5 | Pyruvate oxidase |
tkt | Transketolase |
Biological process | |
sphR | Alkaline phosphatase synthesis transcriptional regulatory protein SphR |
xylQ | lpha-xylosidase XylQ |
bglC | Aryl-phospho-beta-D-glucosidase BglC |
adhR | HTH-type transcriptional regulator AdhR |
cmtB | Mannitol-specific cryptic phosphotransferase enzyme IIA component |
lmrA | Multidrug resistance ABC transporter ATP-binding and permease protein |
fryB | PTS system fructose-like EIIB component 1 |
hprS | Sensor histidine kinase HprS |
licT | Transcription antiterminator LicT |
btuD | Vitamin B12 import ATP-binding protein BtuD |
csbX | Alpha-ketoglutarate permease |
ulaA | Ascorbate-specific PTS system EIIC component |
gsiB | Glucose starvation-inducible protein B |
kup | Low affinity potassium transport system protein kup |
agaC | N-acetylgalactosamine permease IIC component 1 |
Strains | Specimen | Antibacterial Resistance Profiles | References | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β-Lactam Combination Agents | Carbapenems | Lipopeptide | Aminoglycosides | Fluoroquinolones | |||||||||
TZP | C/T | IPM | MEM | DOR | CST | AMK | GEN | TOB | CIP | LVX | |||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 | Rectum | S | S | R | R | R | R | S | S | S | S | S | [42] |
Escherichia coli CREC003 | Rectum | - | - | R | R | R | - | S | S | S | R | R | [43] |
Acinetobacter baumannii CRAB-SK005 | Rectum | - | - | R | R | R | - | - | - | - | - | - | [44] |
Klebsiella pneumoniae CRKP10 | Sputum | R | - | R | R | R | I | R | R | R | R | R | [45] |
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Kompramool, S.; Singkhamanan, K.; Pomwised, R.; Chaichana, N.; Suwannasin, S.; Wonglapsuwan, M.; Jitpakdee, J.; Kantachote, D.; Yaikhan, T.; Surachat, K. Genomic Insights into Pediococcus pentosaceus ENM104: A Probiotic with Potential Antimicrobial and Cholesterol-Reducing Properties. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090813
Kompramool S, Singkhamanan K, Pomwised R, Chaichana N, Suwannasin S, Wonglapsuwan M, Jitpakdee J, Kantachote D, Yaikhan T, Surachat K. Genomic Insights into Pediococcus pentosaceus ENM104: A Probiotic with Potential Antimicrobial and Cholesterol-Reducing Properties. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(9):813. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090813
Chicago/Turabian StyleKompramool, Siriwan, Kamonnut Singkhamanan, Rattanaruji Pomwised, Nattarika Chaichana, Sirikan Suwannasin, Monwadee Wonglapsuwan, Jirayu Jitpakdee, Duangporn Kantachote, Thunchanok Yaikhan, and Komwit Surachat. 2024. "Genomic Insights into Pediococcus pentosaceus ENM104: A Probiotic with Potential Antimicrobial and Cholesterol-Reducing Properties" Antibiotics 13, no. 9: 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090813