Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) across Diverse Bacterial Species in Shrimp Aquaculture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Prevalence of Escherichia coli
2.2. Antibiotic Resistance Genes
2.3. Bacterial Species
2.4. Genotypes of Escherichia coli
3. Discussion
4. Potential Future Research
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Study Area
5.2. Water Sample Collection and Analysis
5.3. Shrimp Sample Collection and Analysis
5.4. Isolation Procedure for Escherichia coli
5.5. DNA Sequence and Analysis
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Location | Sample Type | Number of Samples | Mean E. coli CFU (per 10 mL) | Median E. coli CFU (per 10 mL) | Percent of Samples with Bacterial Growth in Presence of Ceftriaxone |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A—Influent | Water | 18 | 27.8 | 7 | 100% |
A—Effluent | Water | 18 | 66.3 | 77 | 100% |
A—Shrimp pond | Water | 18 | 41.4 | 25 | 100% |
B—Influent | Water | 18 | 44 | 43 | 100% |
B—Effluent | Water | 18 | 54.8 | 56 | 100% |
B—Shrimp pond | Water | 18 | 48 | 61 | 100% |
C—Influent | Water | 18 | 39.4 | 20 | 89% |
C—Effluent | Water | 18 | 47.6 | 49 | 100% |
C—Shrimp pond | Water | 18 | 62.6 | 60 | 100% |
Sample Location | Sample Type | Number of Samples | Percent of Samples with Bacterial Growth in Presence of Ceftriaxone |
---|---|---|---|
A | Shrimp intestines | 18 | 67% |
B | Shrimp intestines | 18 | 78% |
C | Shrimp intestines | 18 | 67% |
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Mitchell, T.M.; Ho, T.; Salinas, L.; VanderYacht, T.; Walas, N.; Trueba, G.; Graham, J.P. Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) across Diverse Bacterial Species in Shrimp Aquaculture. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090825
Mitchell TM, Ho T, Salinas L, VanderYacht T, Walas N, Trueba G, Graham JP. Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) across Diverse Bacterial Species in Shrimp Aquaculture. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(9):825. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090825
Chicago/Turabian StyleMitchell, Tilden M., Tin Ho, Liseth Salinas, Thomas VanderYacht, Nikolina Walas, Gabriel Trueba, and Jay P. Graham. 2024. "Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) across Diverse Bacterial Species in Shrimp Aquaculture" Antibiotics 13, no. 9: 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13090825