Optimization of Plasma Spraying for VW75 Rare Earth Magnesium Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experiments and Research on Its Performances
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Method
2.1. Coating Materials
2.2. Preparation and Technological Process of the Coating
2.3. Performance Characterization
3. Research Results and Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements | Ni | Cr | Al | Y | Co | Fe | Si |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass/% | Bal. | 24.51 | 8.1 | 0.42 | <0.5 | <0.25 | <0.2 |
Compounds | ZrO2 | Y2O3 | HfO2 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | SiO2 | Al2O3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mass/% | Bal. | 7.34 | 1.53 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Factors/Levels | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A spraying current/A | 750 | 800 | 850 | 875 | 900 |
B spraying distance/mm | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 |
C main gas flow (Helium)/SCFH | 70 | 75 | 80 | 85 | 90 |
D auxiliary gas flow (Argon)/SCFH | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 |
E spraying speed/mm/s | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
F powder feed rate/g/min | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 |
No. | A Spraying Current/A | B Spraying Distance/mm | C Main Gas Flow/SCFH | D Auxiliary Gas Flow/SCFH | E Spraying Speed/mm/s | F Powder Feed Rate/(g/min) | Density/(g/cm3) | Micro- Hardness/HV | Rate of Deposition/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 750.00 | 75.00 | 70.00 | 35.00 | 300.00 | 20.00 | 4.20 | 415.10 | 30.76 |
2 | 750.00 | 80.00 | 75.00 | 40.00 | 350.00 | 25.00 | 4.07 | 367.80 | 31.12 |
3 | 750.00 | 85.00 | 80.00 | 45.00 | 400.00 | 30.00 | 4.14 | 393.90 | 34.50 |
4 | 750.00 | 90.00 | 85.00 | 50.00 | 450.00 | 35.00 | 3.60 | 205.80 | 21.32 |
5 | 750.00 | 95.00 | 90.00 | 55.00 | 500.00 | 40.00 | 3.20 | 341.20 | 23.20 |
6 | 800.00 | 75.00 | 75.00 | 45.00 | 450.00 | 40.00 | 4.81 | 392.40 | 26.86 |
7 | 800.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 50.00 | 500.00 | 20.00 | 5.37 | 300.00 | 33.60 |
8 | 800.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 55.00 | 300.00 | 25.00 | 3.87 | 277.00 | 27.20 |
9 | 800.00 | 90.00 | 90.00 | 35.00 | 350.00 | 3.000 | 3.42 | 320.40 | 41.00 |
10 | 800.00 | 95.00 | 70.00 | 40.00 | 400.00 | 35.00 | 4.20 | 365.60 | 21.96 |
11 | 850.00 | 75.00 | 80.00 | 55.00 | 350.00 | 35.00 | 4.01 | 222.70 | 25.82 |
12 | 850.00 | 80.00 | 85.00 | 35.00 | 400.00 | 40.00 | 4.95 | 279.80 | 32.32 |
13 | 850.00 | 85.00 | 90.00 | 40.00 | 450.00 | 20.00 | 3.92 | 312.20 | 36.77 |
14 | 850.00 | 90.00 | 70.00 | 45.00 | 500.00 | 25.00 | 2.89 | 398.70 | 30.28 |
15 | 850.00 | 95.00 | 75.00 | 50.00 | 300.00 | 30.00 | 5.22 | 360.60 | 32.12 |
16 | 875.00 | 75.00 | 85.00 | 40.00 | 500.00 | 30.00 | 4.84 | 368.00 | 33.28 |
17 | 875.00 | 80.00 | 90.00 | 45.00 | 300.00 | 35.00 | 4.57 | 384.40 | 23.62 |
18 | 875.00 | 85.00 | 70.00 | 50.00 | 350.00 | 40.00 | 5.27 | 399.90 | 26.64 |
19 | 875.00 | 90.00 | 75.00 | 55.00 | 400.00 | 20.00 | 4.82 | 458.90 | 38.00 |
20 | 875.00 | 95.00 | 80.00 | 35.00 | 450.00 | 25.00 | 4.59 | 399.90 | 36.16 |
21 | 900.00 | 75.00 | 90.00 | 50.00 | 400.00 | 25.00 | 3.17 | 374.64 | 24.64 |
22 | 900.00 | 80.00 | 70.00 | 55.00 | 450.00 | 30.00 | 4.68 | 375.60 | 25.38 |
23 | 900.00 | 85.00 | 75.00 | 35.00 | 500.00 | 35.00 | 5.14 | 417.60 | 20.58 |
24 | 900.00 | 90.00 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 300.00 | 40.00 | 4.90 | 386.50 | 22.14 |
25 | 900.00 | 95.00 | 85.00 | 45.00 | 350.00 | 20.00 | 2.17 | 301.70 | 20.58 |
No. | A | B | C | D | E | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ij | 19.21 | 21.04 | 21.25 | 22.29 | 22.76 | 20.48 |
IIj | 21.67 | 23.62 | 24.06 | 21.93 | 18.93 | 18.59 |
IIIj | 20.98 | 22.34 | 23.00 | 18.58 | 21.27 | 22.29 |
IVj | 24.09 | 19.63 | 19.43 | 22.63 | 21.60 | 21.52 |
Vj | 20.05 | 19.38 | 18.27 | 20.58 | 21.44 | 23.13 |
Rj | 0.98 | 0.85 | 1.16 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.91 |
No. | A | B | C | D | E | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ij | 1723.80 | 1772.84 | 1954.90 | 1832.80 | 1823.60 | 1787.90 |
IIj | 1655.40 | 1707.60 | 1997.30 | 1800.10 | 1612.50 | 1818.04 |
IIIj | 1574.00 | 1800.60 | 1703.00 | 1871.10 | 1872.84 | 1818.50 |
IVj | 2011.10 | 1770.30 | 1432.30 | 1640.94 | 1685.90 | 1596.10 |
Vj | 1856.04 | 1769.00 | 1732.84 | 1675.40 | 1825.50 | 1799.80 |
Rj | 87.42 | 18.60 | 113.00 | 46.03 | 52.07 | 44.48 |
No. | A | B | C | D | E | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ij | 140.90 | 141.36 | 135.02 | 160.82 | 135.84 | 159.71 |
IIj | 150.62 | 146.04 | 148.68 | 145.27 | 145.16 | 149.40 |
IIIj | 157.31 | 145.69 | 152.22 | 135.84 | 151.42 | 166.28 |
IVj | 157.70 | 152.74 | 134.70 | 138.32 | 146.49 | 113.30 |
Vj | 113.32 | 134.02 | 149.23 | 139.60 | 140.94 | 131.16 |
Rj | 8.88 | 3.74 | 3.50 | 5.00 | 3.12 | 10.60 |
No. | A | B | C | D | E | F | Comprehensive Evaluations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 750.00 | 75.00 | 70.00 | 35.00 | 300.00 | 20.00 | 173.87 |
2 | 750.00 | 80.00 | 75.00 | 40.00 | 350.00 | 25.00 | 154.97 |
3 | 750.00 | 85.00 | 80.00 | 45.00 | 400.00 | 30.00 | 166.11 |
4 | 750.00 | 90.00 | 85.00 | 50.00 | 450.00 | 35.00 | 88.03 |
5 | 750.00 | 95.00 | 90.00 | 55.00 | 500.00 | 40.00 | 142.40 |
6 | 800.00 | 75.00 | 75.00 | 45.00 | 450.00 | 40.00 | 164.26 |
7 | 800.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 50.00 | 500.00 | 20.00 | 128.87 |
8 | 800.00 | 85.00 | 85.00 | 55.00 | 300.00 | 25.00 | 117.79 |
9 | 800.00 | 90.00 | 90.00 | 35.00 | 350.00 | 30.00 | 137.73 |
10 | 800.00 | 95.00 | 70.00 | 40.00 | 400.00 | 35.00 | 152.31 |
11 | 850.00 | 75.00 | 80.00 | 55.00 | 350.00 | 35.00 | 95.85 |
12 | 850.00 | 80.00 | 85.00 | 35.00 | 400.00 | 40.00 | 120.36 |
13 | 850.00 | 85.00 | 90.00 | 40.00 | 450.00 | 20.00 | 133.80 |
14 | 850.00 | 90.00 | 70.00 | 45.00 | 500.00 | 25.00 | 166.69 |
15 | 850.00 | 95.00 | 75.00 | 50.00 | 300.00 | 30.00 | 152.75 |
16 | 875.00 | 75.00 | 85.00 | 40.00 | 500.00 | 30.00 | 155.79 |
17 | 875.00 | 80.00 | 90.00 | 45.00 | 300.00 | 35.00 | 160.31 |
18 | 875.00 | 85.00 | 70.00 | 50.00 | 350.00 | 40.00 | 167.40 |
19 | 875.00 | 90.00 | 75.00 | 55.00 | 400.00 | 20.00 | 193.09 |
20 | 875.00 | 95.00 | 80.00 | 35.00 | 450.00 | 25.00 | 169.03 |
21 | 900.00 | 75.00 | 90.00 | 50.00 | 400.00 | 25.00 | 156.05 |
22 | 900.00 | 80.00 | 70.00 | 55.00 | 450.00 | 30.00 | 157.19 |
23 | 900.00 | 85.00 | 75.00 | 35.00 | 500.00 | 35.00 | 173.21 |
24 | 900.00 | 90.00 | 80.00 | 40.00 | 300.00 | 40.00 | 160.99 |
25 | 900.00 | 95.00 | 85.00 | 45.00 | 350.00 | 20.00 | 125.66 |
Ij | 725.38 | 745.82 | 817.46 | 774.20 | 765.71 | 755.29 | - |
IIj | 700.95 | 721.70 | 838.28 | 757.87 | 681.61 | 764.53 | - |
IIIj | 669.45 | 758.31 | 720.84 | 783.04 | 787.93 | 769.57 | - |
IVj | 845.62 | 746.52 | 607.63 | 693.09 | 712.30 | 669.71 | - |
Vj | 773.10 | 742.16 | 730.29 | 706.31 | 766.97 | 755.41 | - |
Average Ij | 145.08 | 149.16 | 163.49 | 154.84 | 153.14 | 151.06 | - |
Average IIj | 140.19 | 144.34 | 167.66 | 151.57 | 136.32 | 152.91 | - |
Average IIIj | 133.89 | 151.66 | 144.17 | 156.61 | 157.59 | 153.91 | - |
Average IVj | 169.12 | 149.30 | 121.53 | 138.62 | 142.46 | 133.94 | - |
Average Vj | 154.62 | 148.43 | 146.06 | 141.26 | 153.39 | 151.08 | - |
Rj | 35.23 | 7.32 | 46.13 | 17.99 | 21.26 | 19.97 | - |
Optimal combination | A4 | B3 | C2 | D3 | E3 | F3 | - |
No. | Rs/(Ω cm2) | Rt/(Ω cm2) | Qdl | Rf/(Ω cm2) | Qf | χ2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ydl/(Ω−1 cm−2 sn) | ndl | Yf/(Ω−1 cm−2 sn) | nf | |||||
Plasma Spraying | 117.2 | 204.26 | 1.0824 × 10−5 | 0.72267 | 33398 | 6.1051 × 10−5 | 0.8920 | 4.0883 × 10−4 |
Substrate | 2.9162 | 219.53 | 2.5793 × 10−5 | 0.90964 | 101.46 | 3.0278 × 10−3 | 0.8047 | 1.0524 × 10−4 |
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Lin, B.; Zhang, B.; Ma, M.; Zhang, K.; Li, Y.; Chen, Z.; Liu, Y. Optimization of Plasma Spraying for VW75 Rare Earth Magnesium Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experiments and Research on Its Performances. Coatings 2020, 10, 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111085
Lin B, Zhang B, Ma M, Zhang K, Li Y, Chen Z, Liu Y. Optimization of Plasma Spraying for VW75 Rare Earth Magnesium Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experiments and Research on Its Performances. Coatings. 2020; 10(11):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111085
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Bingtao, Baohong Zhang, Minglong Ma, Kui Zhang, Yongjun Li, Zehua Chen, and Yanhui Liu. 2020. "Optimization of Plasma Spraying for VW75 Rare Earth Magnesium Alloy Based on Orthogonal Experiments and Research on Its Performances" Coatings 10, no. 11: 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111085