The Influence of Sodium Tungstate Concentration on the Electrode Reactions at Iron–Tungsten Alloy Electrodeposition

The investigation of Fe-W alloys is growing in comparison to other W alloys with iron group metals due to the environmental and health issues linked to Ni and Co materials. The influence of Na₂WO₄ concentration in the range 0 to 0.5 M on bath chemistry and electrode reactions on Pt in Fe-W alloys’ electrodeposition from citrate electrolyte was investigated by means of rotating disk electrode (RDE) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) synchronized with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Depending on species distribution, the formation of Fe-W alloys becomes thermodynamically possible at potentials less than −0.87 V to −0.82 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The decrease in electrode mass during cathodic current pass in the course of CV recording was detected by EQCM and explained. The overall electrode process involving Fe-W alloy formation may be described using formalities of mixed kinetics. The apparent values of kinetic and diffusion currents linearly depend on the concentration of Na₂WO₄. Based on the values of partial currents for Fe and W, it was concluded that codeposition of Fe-W alloy is occurring due to an autocatalytic reaction, likely via the formation of mixed adsorbed species containing Fe and W compounds or nucleation clusters containing both metals on the electrode surface.