Facile Route to Effective Antimicrobial Aluminum Oxide Layer Realized by Co-Deposition with Silver Nitrate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Deposition of Al2O3-Ag Composite Coatings
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Coatings Morphology
3.2. Exposure in Aggressive Environment
3.2.1. Salt Spray Test
3.2.2. Test for Resistance to Perspiration
3.3. Disinfection and Abrasion Test
3.4. Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Silver-Treated Coatings
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bath | AgNO3 Addition [g/L] | Sample |
---|---|---|
20 wt.% H2SO4 | 0.00 | X |
0.85 | A | |
1.70 | B |
Sample | Coatings Thickness (µm) |
---|---|
X | 12.4 ± 0.8 |
A | 13.1 ± 1.2 |
B | 12.7 ± 0.9 |
E. coli | #1 | #2 | #3 |
---|---|---|---|
Inoculum (CFU/mL) a | 3.6 × 106 | 3.2 × 106 | 3.3 × 106 |
Recovery counts untreated XE/T0 | 7.5 × 104 | 8.2 × 104 | 6.4 × 104 |
Validity Recovery counts XE/T0 b | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Recovery counts untreated XE/T24 c | 7.9 × 104 | 8.9 × 104 | 3.4 × 104 |
Recovery counts treated (Ag 0.005 M) AE/T24 | nd | <1 | <1 |
Recovery counts treated (Ag 0.01 M) BE/T24 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
Antibacterial activity (R) | - | R(AE) > 4.92 | R(AE) > 4.53 |
R(BE) > 4.87 | R(BE) > 4.92 | R(BE) > 4.53 | |
S. aureus | #1 | #2 | #3 |
Inoculum (CFU/mL) a | 1.4 × 106 | 1.0 × 106 | 1.5 × 106 |
Recovery counts untreated XS/T0 | 1.9 × 104 | 1.2 × 104 | 2.4 × 104 |
Validity Recovery counts XS/T0 b | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Recovery counts untreated XS/T24 c | 3.0 × 103 | 6.9 × 102 | 3.2 × 103 |
Recovery counts treated (Ag 0.005 M) AS/T24 | nd | <1 | <1 |
Recovery counts treated (Ag 0.01 M) BS/T24 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
Antibacterial activity (R) | - | R(AS) > 2.75 | R(AS) > 3.41 |
R(BS) > 3.60 | R(BS) > 2.75 | R(BS) > 3.41 |
E. coli | #1 | #2 |
---|---|---|
Inoculum (CFU/mL) a | 3.9 × 106 | 2.8 × 106 |
Recovery counts untreated XE/T0 | 9.8 × 104 | 7.4 × 104 |
Validity Recovery counts XE/T0 b | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Recovery counts untreated XE/T24 c | 3.8 × 104 | 3.4 × 104 |
Recovery counts synthetic sweat BSE/T24 | <1 | <1 |
Recovery counts scrub treated BYE//T24 | <1 | <1 |
Antibacterial activity (R) | R(BSE) > 4.57 | R(BSE) > 4.51 |
R(BYE) > 4.57 | R(BYE) > 4.51 | |
S. aureus | #1 | #2 |
Inoculum (CFU/mL) a | 1.4 × 106 | 1.4 × 106 |
Recovery counts untreated XE/T0 | 1.8 × 104 | 1.9 × 104 |
Validity Recovery counts XE/T0 b | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Recovery counts untreated XE/T24 c | 7.2 × 102 | 3.0 × 103 |
Recovery counts synthetic sweat BSS/T24 | <1 | <1 |
Recovery counts scrub treated BYS//T24 | <1 | <1 |
Antibacterial activity (R) | R(BSS) > 2.86 | R(BSS) > 3.60 |
R(BYS) > 2.86 | R(BYS) > 3.60 |
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Calovi, M.; Furlan, B.; Coroneo, V.; Massidda, O.; Rossi, S. Facile Route to Effective Antimicrobial Aluminum Oxide Layer Realized by Co-Deposition with Silver Nitrate. Coatings 2022, 12, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010028
Calovi M, Furlan B, Coroneo V, Massidda O, Rossi S. Facile Route to Effective Antimicrobial Aluminum Oxide Layer Realized by Co-Deposition with Silver Nitrate. Coatings. 2022; 12(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010028
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalovi, Massimo, Berenice Furlan, Valentina Coroneo, Orietta Massidda, and Stefano Rossi. 2022. "Facile Route to Effective Antimicrobial Aluminum Oxide Layer Realized by Co-Deposition with Silver Nitrate" Coatings 12, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010028