Effect of Solid-Solid Phase Change Material’s Direct Interaction on Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Physical Property Test
2.2.2. Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV) Test
2.2.3. Fluorescence Microscope
2.2.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.2.5. Rheological Property Tests
3. Results
3.1. Physical Property Test Results
3.2. Physical Property Test Results after Ageing
3.3. Morphology of the Virgin Asphalt and PCM-Modified Asphalt
3.4. FTIR Analysis
3.5. Effect of Aging and PCM Modification on Rheological Properties of Asphalt
3.5.1. High−Temperature Rheological Properties
High−Temperature Rheological Properties of Original Asphalt Samples
High−Temperature Rheological Properties of Aged Asphalt Samples
3.5.2. Low−Temperature Rheological Properties
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of PCM Modification on Physical Properties of Asphalt
4.2. Aging of PCM−Modified Asphalt
4.3. Morphology of the Original Asphalt and PCM−Modified Asphalt
4.4. FTIR Analysis
4.5. Effect of Aging and PCM Modification on Rheological Properties of Asphalt
4.5.1. High−Temperature Rheological Properties
4.5.2. Low−Temperature Rheological Properties
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Mondal, S. Phase change materials for smart textiles—An overview. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2008, 28, 1536–1550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitchell, M.R.; Link, R.E.; Amirkhanian, A.N.; Xiao, F.; Amirkhanian, S.N. Evaluation of High Temperature Rheological Characteristics of Asphalt Binder with Carbon Nano Particles. J. Test. Eval. 2011, 39, JTE103133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Behnia, B.; Buttlar, W.G.; Reis, H. Nondestructive Low-Temperature Cracking Characterization of Asphalt Materials. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2017, 29, 04016294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, B.; Mohammad, L.N.; Wathugala, G.W. Application of a Temperature Dependent Viscoplastic Hierarchical Single Surface Model for Asphalt Mixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2004, 16, 147–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, C.; Wang, H.; You, Z.; Ma, B. Sensitivity analysis of longitudinal cracking on asphalt pavement using MEPDG in permafrost region. J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (Engl. Ed.) 2015, 2, 40–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mallick, R.B.; El-Korchi, T. Pavement Engineering: Principles and Practice, 3rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Lei, Y.; Wang, H.; Fini, E.H.; You, Z.; Yang, X.; Gao, J.; Dong, S.; Jiang, G. Evaluation of the effect of bio-oil on the high-temperature performance of rubber modified asphalt. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 191, 692–701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, J.; Xiao, T.; Tan, Y.; Zheng, J.; Liu, R.; Qian, G.; Wei, H.; Zhang, J. Effects of TiO2 pillared montmorillonite nanocomposites on the properties of asphalt with exhaust catalytic capacity. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 205, 339–349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, J.; Tan, Y.; Liu, R.; Lin, F.; Wu, Y.; Qian, G.; Wei, H.; Zheng, J. Structure characteristics of organic bentonite and the effects on rheological and ageing properties of asphalt. Powder Technol. 2018, 329, 107–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jin, J.; Tan, Y.; Liu, R.; Zheng, J.; Zhang, J. Synergy Effect of Attapulgite, Rubber, and Diatomite on Organic Montmorillonite-Modified Asphalt. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2019, 31, 04018388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, B.; Si, W.; Ren, J.; Wang, H.-N.; Liu, F.-W.; Li, J. Exploration of road temperature-adjustment material in asphalt mixture. Road Mater. Pavement Des. 2014, 15, 659–673. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharma, A.; Tyagi, V.V.; Chen, C.R.; Buddhi, D. Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2009, 13, 318–345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liston, L.; Krafcik, M.J.; Farnam, Y.; Tao, B.; Erk, K.A.; Weiss, J. Toward the use of phase change materials (PCM) in concrete pavements: Evaluation of thermal properties of PCM. In Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, NJ, USA, 5–7 August 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, M.; Liang, M.C.; Jiao, Y.B.; Zhao, W.; Duan, Y.X.; Liu, H.Q. A review of phase change materials in asphalt binder and asphalt mixture. Constr. Build. Mater. 2020, 258, 119565. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, D.; Chen, M.; Wu, S.; Riara, M.; Wan, J.; Li, Y. Thermal and rheological performance of asphalt binders modified with expanded graphite/polyethylene glycol composite phase change material (EP-CPCM). Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 194, 83–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, K.; Ma, B.; Huang, X.; Xiao, Y.; Liu, H. Influence of NiTi alloy phase change heat-storage particles on thermophysical parameters, phase change heat-storage thermoregulation effect, and pavement performance of asphalt mixture. Renew. Energy 2019, 141, 431–443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kong, W.; Liu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Zhou, C.; Lei, J. Preparation and characterizations of asphalt/lauric acid blends phase change materials for potential building materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 2017, 152, 568–575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, L.; Li, J.; Zhou, C.; Zhu, H.; Cao, X.; Tang, B. Phase change characteristics of shape-stabilized PEG/SiO2 composites using calcium chloride-assisted and temperature-assisted sol gel methods. Sol. Energy 2014, 103, 448–455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ryms, M.; Lewandowski, W.; Klugmann-Radziemska, E.; Denda, H.; Wcislo, P. The use of lightweight aggregate saturated with PCM as a temperature stabilizing material for road surfaces. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2015, 81, 313–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Memon, S.A.; Cui, H.; Lo, T.Y.; Li, Q. Development of structural–functional integrated concrete with macro-encapsulated PCM for thermal energy storage. Appl. Energy 2015, 150, 245–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Athukorallage, B.; Dissanayaka, T.; Senadheera, S.; James, D. Performance analysis of incorporating phase change materials in asphalt concrete pavements. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 164, 419–432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bian, X.; Tan, Y.Q.; Lv, J.F.; Shan, L.Y. Preparation of Latent Heat Materials Used in Asphalt Pavement and Theirs’ Controlling Temperature Performance. Adv. Eng. Forum 2012, 5, 322–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ren, J.; Ma, B.; Si, W.; Zhou, X.-Y.; Li, C. Preparation and analysis of composite phase change material used in asphalt mixture by sol–gel method. Constr. Build. Mater. 2014, 71, 53–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, C.Y.; Zhang, G.H. Review on microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs): Fabrication, characterization and applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 3813–3832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jamekhorshid, A.; Sadrameli, S.M.; Farid, M. A review of microencapsulation methods of phase change materials (PCMs) as a thermal energy storage (TES) medium. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 31, 531–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kheradmand, M.; Castro-Gomes, J.; Azenha, M.; Silva, P.D.; de Aguiar, J.L.B.; Zoorob, S.E. Assessing the feasibility of impregnating phase change materials in lightweight aggregate for development of thermal energy storage systems. Constr. Build. Mater. 2015, 89, 48–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Manning, B.; Bender, P.R.; Cote, S.; Lewis, R.; Sakulich, A.; Mallick, R.B. Assessing the feasibility of incorporating phase change material in hot mix asphalt. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2015, 19, 11–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sakulich, A.R.; Bentz, D.P. Incorporation of phase change materials in cementitious systems via fine lightweight aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 35, 483–490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nepomuceno, M.C.S.; Silva, P.D. Experimental evaluation of cement mortars with phase change material incorporated via lightweight expanded clay aggregate. Constr. Build. Mater. 2014, 63, 89–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kakar, M.R.; Refaa, Z.; Bueno, M.; Worlitschek, J.; Stamatiou, A.; Partl, M.N. Investigating bitumen’s direct interaction with Tetradecane as potential phase change material for low temperature applications. Road Mater. Pavement Des. 2019, 21, 2356–2363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, Y.; Pu-sheng, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, H.; Hu, S.; Tian, J.; Li, Y. Laboratory investigation of phase change effect of polyethylene glycolon on asphalt binder and mixture performance. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 212, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Levy, F.L. The thermal conductivity of commercial brines and seawater in the freezing range. Int. J. Refrig. 1982, 5, 155–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kakar, M.R.; Refaa, Z.; Worlitschek, J.; Stamatiou, A.; Partl, M.; Bueno, M. Thermal and rheological characterization of bitumen modified with microencapsulated phase change materials. Constr. Build. Mater. 2019, 215, 171–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, X.; Kastiukas, G.; Lantieri, C.; Tataranni, P.; Vaiana, R.; Sangiorgi, C. Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Macro-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials for Pavement Application. Materials 2018, 11, 1398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, X.; Yin, Z.; Meng, D.; Huang, Z.; Wen, R.; Huang, Y.; Min, X.; Liu, Y.; Fang, M.; Wu, X. Shape-stabilized composite phase change materials with high thermal conductivity based on stearic acid and modified expanded vermiculite. Renew. Energy 2017, 112, 113–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, B.; Adhikari, S.; Chang, Y.-J.; Ren, J.; Liu, J.; You, Z. Preparation of composite shape-stabilized phase change materials for highway pavements. Constr. Build. Mater. 2013, 42, 114–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, K.; Yu, X.; Tian, C.; Wang, J. Preparation and characterization of form-stable paraffin/polyurethane composites as phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Energy Convers. Manag. 2014, 77, 13–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, X.; Wang, H.; Cheng, X.; Du, Z. Synthesis and thermal energy storage properties of a solid–solid phase change material with a novel comb-polyurethane block copolymer structure. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 42643–42648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarı, A.; Alkan, C.; Biçer, A. Synthesis and thermal properties of polystyrene-graft-PEG copolymers as new kinds of solid–solid phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2012, 133, 87–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xi, P.; Zhao, F.; Fu, P.; Wang, X.; Cheng, B. Synthesis, characterization, and thermal energy storage properties of a novel thermoplastic polyurethane phase change material. Mater. Lett. 2014, 121, 15–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, K.; Wang, Y.; Ma, B. Effects of microencapsulated phase change materials on the performance of asphalt binders. Renew. Energy 2019, 132, 931–940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wei, K.; Ma, B.; Duan, S.Y. Preparation and Properties of Bitumen-Modified Polyurethane Solid–Solid Phase Change Materials. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2019, 31, 04019139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bueno, M.; Kakar, M.R.; Refaa, Z.; Worlitschek, J.; Stamatiou, A.; Partl, M.N. Modification of asphalt mixtures for cold regions using microencapsulated phase change materials. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 20342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- JTG E20-2011; Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering. Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China: Beijing, China, 2011.
- Wong, W.-G.; Li, G. Analysis of the effect of wax content on bitumen under performance grade classification. Constr. Build. Mater. 2009, 23, 2504–2510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Dang, Z.; You, Z.; Hao, P.; Huang, X. Analysis of the Low-Temperature Rheological Properties of Rubberized Warm Mix Asphalt Binders; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2012. [Google Scholar]
Index | Matrix Asphalt | SBS−Modified Asphalt |
---|---|---|
Penetration (0.1 mm) | 69.4 | 65.9 |
Softening Point (°C) | 51.5 | 46.7 |
Ductility (cm) | 64 | 93 |
Rotary Viscosity (135 °C, MPa·s) | 0.881 | 2.797 |
Parameter | Test Result |
---|---|
Apparent density (kg/m3) | 840 |
Latent heat value (Melting enthalpy value) (J/g) | 67 |
Phase change point (℃) | 17 |
Phase change interval (℃) | 0–36 |
Phase change type | solid−solid |
The decay rate of latent heat value (Melting enthalpy value) after 20 times phase change (%) | 2 |
Temperature/°C | Matrix | Matrix + 4% PCM | Matrix + 8% PCM | SBS | SBS + 4% PCM | SBS + 8% PCM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−6 | 144.3 | 98.2 | 69.6 | 120.1 | 90.7 | 81.7 |
−12 | 478.7 | 322.7 | 318.9 | 315.8 | 228.9 | 335.2 |
−18 | 1250.4 | 991.8 | 764.8 | 964.7 | 578.3 | 843.5 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhao, H.; Guo, J.; Ma, S.; Zhang, H.; Su, C.; Wang, X.; Li, Z.; Wei, J.; Cui, S. Effect of Solid-Solid Phase Change Material’s Direct Interaction on Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt. Coatings 2022, 12, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050625
Zhao H, Guo J, Ma S, Zhang H, Su C, Wang X, Li Z, Wei J, Cui S. Effect of Solid-Solid Phase Change Material’s Direct Interaction on Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt. Coatings. 2022; 12(5):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050625
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Haisheng, Jianmin Guo, Shijie Ma, Huan Zhang, Chunhua Su, Xiaoyan Wang, Zengguang Li, Jincheng Wei, and Shiping Cui. 2022. "Effect of Solid-Solid Phase Change Material’s Direct Interaction on Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt" Coatings 12, no. 5: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050625