Extraction of Anthocyanin Dye from Staghorn Sumac Fruit in Various Solvents and Use for Pigment Printing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Staghorn Sumac and Chemicals for Extraction
2.1.2. Pigment Printing Pastes
2.1.3. Printing Substrates
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Dye Extraction
2.2.2. Preparation of Printing Inks
2.2.3. Printing
2.2.4. Color Measurements
2.2.5. Fastness Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Extracts, Printing Inks, and Prints
3.2. Fastness of Prints
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Color of Staghorn Sumac Fruit | Dye Extract | Color of Solution after Filtering | Color of Extract after Solvent Evaporation | Concentration of Printing Ink | Color of Printing Ink | Color of Print on | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paper | Cotton Fabric | ||||||
in distilled water | 1.5 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in distilled water | 1.5 g dye extract /50 g Elastil T. printing paste | ||||||
in methanol | 1.5 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in ethanol | 1.5 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in propanol | 1.5 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in acetonitrile | 1.48 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in acetone | 1.5 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in dichloro- methane | 0.67 g dye extract /50 g printing paste | ||||||
in water with soda in copper sulfate | 3 g precipitated pigment /50 g printing paste | - | - |
Dye Extract | L* | a* | b* | C*ab | hab [°] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paper | |||||
distilled water | 91.63 | 0.59 | −3.55 | 3.60 | 88.42 |
distilled water/Elastil T. paste | 90.57 | −0.04 | −1.13 | 1.13 | 87.97 |
methanol | 88.06 | 1.38 | 4.88 | 5.07 | 74.21 |
ethanol | 91.59 | 1.51 | −4.18 | 4.44 | 70.14 |
propanol | 92.11 | 0.40 | −3.27 | 3.29 | 78.67 |
acetonitrile | 93.11 | 1.42 | −7.09 | 7.23 | 78.67 |
acetone | 90.05 | −0.21 | 2.92 | 2.93 | 85.89 |
dichloromethane | 92.33 | 0.87 | −5.18 | 5.25 | 80.47 |
Cotton Fabric | |||||
distilled water | 87.43 | −1.07 | 9.42 | 9.48 | 89.26 |
distilled water/Elastil T. paste | 88.14 | −1.82 | 8.77 | 8.96 | 78.28 |
methanol | 85.03 | 0.98 | 14.42 | 14.45 | 79.46 |
ethanol | 88.15 | 0.46 | 10.43 | 10.44 | 87.47 |
propanol | 90.02 | −2.06 | 11.39 | 11.57 | 79.75 |
acetonitrile | 90.33 | −0.71 | 5.28 | 5.33 | 82.34 |
acetone | 86.65 | −1.43 | 15.95 | 16.01 | 84.88 |
dichloromethane | 90.03 | −1.39 | 7.47 | 7.60 | 79.46 |
Dye Extract | Rubbing | Light | |
---|---|---|---|
Print Surface | Color Transfer to White Paper | Color Change of the Print | |
distilled water | unchanged | no | 6 |
distilled water/Elastil T. paste | unchanged | no | 3 |
methanol | unchanged | no | 6 |
ethanol | unchanged | no | 6 |
propanol | unchanged | no | 6 |
acetonitrile | unchanged | no | 6 |
acetone | unchanged | no | 6 |
dichloromethane | unchanged | no | 6 |
Dye Extract | Rubbing | Hot Pressing | Washing | Light | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Staining of Dry Cloth | Staining of Wet Cloth | Staining of Wet Cloth | Staining of Dry Cloth | Color Change of the Print | Staining of Cloth | Color Change of the Print | Color Change of the Print | |
distilled water | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 3–4 |
distilled water/Elastil T. paste | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1–2 | 3 |
methanol | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1–2 | 6 |
ethanol | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 6–7 |
propanol | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 8 |
acetonitrile | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1–2 | 6 |
acetone | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1–2 | 6 |
dichloromethane | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4–5 | 6 |
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Klančnik, M.; Koradin, E. Extraction of Anthocyanin Dye from Staghorn Sumac Fruit in Various Solvents and Use for Pigment Printing. Coatings 2024, 14, 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14081025
Klančnik M, Koradin E. Extraction of Anthocyanin Dye from Staghorn Sumac Fruit in Various Solvents and Use for Pigment Printing. Coatings. 2024; 14(8):1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14081025
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlančnik, Maja, and Elena Koradin. 2024. "Extraction of Anthocyanin Dye from Staghorn Sumac Fruit in Various Solvents and Use for Pigment Printing" Coatings 14, no. 8: 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14081025