Electrophoretic Deposition of Bioactive Glass Coatings for Bone Implant Applications: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bioactive Glasses
2.1. Bioglass®
2.2. Other Bioactive Glasses
3. Bioactivity of Glasses
- Stage 1: Rapid ion exchange between the glass network modifiers ( and ) with ions (or ) from the solution leads to the hydrolysis of the silica groups and the creation of silanol () groups on the glass surface:The pH of the solution increases due to the consumption of ions.
- Stage 2: The increase in the pH (or concentration) leads to the attack of the glass network, the dissolution of silica, in the form of silicic acid into the solution, and the continuous formation of Si–OH groups on the glass surface:
- Stage 3: Condensation and repolymerization of an amorphous -rich layer (typically 1 or 2 μm thick) occur on the surface of the glass depleted in and by leaching:
- Stage 4: The migration of and ions from the glass through the -rich layer and from the solution leads to the formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) layer on the surface of the -rich layer.
- Stage 5: The amorphous calcium phosphate (APC) layer incorporates and from the solution and crystallizes as an HCA layer.
4. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD)
4.1. Surface Charge Formation
4.2. Suspension Stability
4.3. Deposition Mechanism of Bioactive Glass Coating
5. Current Developments in the Process and Perspectives
5.1. Ionic Substitution
5.2. Composite Coatings
5.2.1. Bioactive Glass and Bioceramics
5.2.2. Bioactive Glass and Polymers
5.2.3. Bioactive Glass and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
5.3. Drug-Loaded Bioactive Glass Coatings
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SiO2 | CaO | Na2O | P2O5 | K2O | MgO | B2O3 | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
45S5 Bioglass® | 45 wt.% | 24.5 wt.% | 24.5 wt.% | 6 wt.% | - | - | - | [53,54,55,56,57,58,59] |
58S | 58 wt.% | 33 wt.% | - | 9 wt.% | - | - | - | [114,115,116,117] |
77S | 77 wt.% | 14 wt.% | – | 9 wt.% | - | - | - | [118,119,120,121] |
S53P4 | 53 wt.% | 20 wt.% | 23 wt.% | 4 wt.% | - | - | - | [122,123,124] |
13-93 | 53 wt.% | 20 wt.% | 6 wt.% | 4 wt.% | 12 wt.% | 5 wt.% | - | [125,126,127] |
13-93B1 | 34 wt.% | 20 wt.% | 6 wt.% | 4 wt.% | 12 wt.% | 5 wt.% | 19 wt.% | [128,129] |
13-93B3 | - | 20 wt.% | 6 wt.% | 4 wt.% | 12 wt.% | 5 wt.% | 53 wt.% | [129,130] |
70S30C | 71 wt.% | 29 wt.% | - | - | - | - | - | [131,132,133,134] |
Ions | Biological/Physical Effect | References |
---|---|---|
Monovalent Ions | ||
Antibacterial activity | [193,194,195,196] | |
Osteogenesis | [197,198,199] | |
Osteogenesis | [200,201,202] | |
Osteogenesis | [203,204,205] | |
Antibacterial/osteogenesis | [206,207,208,209] | |
Antibacterial/drug carrier/osteogenesis | [210,211] | |
Divalent Ions | ||
Osteogenesis/radiation shielding | [212,213,214,215] | |
Angiogenesis | [216,217,218,219] | |
Antibacterial activity | [220,221,222,223] | |
Osteogenesis/radiation shielding | [224,225] | |
Osteogenesis | [226,227,228,229] | |
Antibacterial/osteogenesis | [230,231,232,233] | |
Drug carrier/osteogenesis/radiation shielding | [234,235,236] | |
Osteogenesis | [237,238,239,240,241] | |
Antibacterial/anti-inflammatory/osteogenesis | [242,243,244,245] | |
Trivalent Ions | ||
Antibacterial/anticancer/osteogenesis | [246,247,248] | |
Osteogenesis/antibacterial | [249,250,251,252] | |
Osteogenesis/photoluminescence | [253,254] | |
Drug carrier/photoluminescence | [255,256,257] | |
Antibacterial/anticancer/osteogenesis | [258,259,260,261] | |
Antibacterial/anticancer/osteogenesis | [262,263,264,265] | |
Brachytherapy/osteogenesis | [266,267] | |
Osteogenesis | [268,269,270] | |
Osteogenesis | [271,272,273] | |
Drug carrier/osteogenesis/photoluminescence | [274,275] | |
Osteogenesis/photoluminescence | [276,277] | |
Anticancer/osteogenesis | [278,279,280] | |
Osteogenesis/photoluminescence | [254,281] | |
Tetravalent Ions | ||
Anticancer/drug carrier/osteogenesis | [282,283,284] | |
Antibacterial/anticancer/osteogenesis | [285,286] | |
Antibacterial/osteogenesis | [287,288,289] | |
Pentavalent Ions | ||
Osteogenesis | [290,291,292,293] | |
Antibacterial/osteogenesis | [294,295,296,297] | |
Osteogenesis/photoluminescence/radiation shielding | [298,299,300] | |
Hexavalent Ions | ||
Drug carrier/osteogenesis | [301,302] |
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Drevet, R.; Fauré, J.; Benhayoune, H. Electrophoretic Deposition of Bioactive Glass Coatings for Bone Implant Applications: A Review. Coatings 2024, 14, 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091084
Drevet R, Fauré J, Benhayoune H. Electrophoretic Deposition of Bioactive Glass Coatings for Bone Implant Applications: A Review. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091084
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrevet, Richard, Joël Fauré, and Hicham Benhayoune. 2024. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Bioactive Glass Coatings for Bone Implant Applications: A Review" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091084