The Relationship between the Fresh Sludge Ceramsite Concrete’s Fluidity and the Sludge Ceramsite’s Dispersion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.3. Measurement Methods
2.3.1. Slump Flow Test
2.3.2. Ultrasonic Testing
2.3.3. Capillary Water Absorption Test
2.3.4. Compressive Strength Test
2.3.5. Experiments on Microscopic Properties
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Slump Flow Test Results
3.2. Ultrasonic Testing Results
3.3. Capillary Water Absorption Test Results
3.4. Compressive Strength Test Results
3.5. Interpretation of TG Curves
3.6. Ultra Depth-of-Field Microscope Results
3.7. XRD Analysis
3.8. SEM-EDS Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The addition of WRA improved the fluidity. Conversely, the addition of SC reduced the fluidity. WRA caused a much greater change in the concrete fluidity.
- (2)
- The relationship between the ultrasonic sound speed and the increasing fluidity could be deduced as a negative correlation. The addition of SC increased the internal defects and compressive strength. The water absorption was negatively correlated with the compressive strength. The concrete with a slump flow of 12.35 and 12.5 cm reaching the maximum compressive strength, which had the lowest water absorption, demonstrated internal homogeneity.
- (3)
- By analyzing of the ultrasonic velocity’s CV and the compressive strength’s CV, the fresh cement concrete with a slump flow of 12.5 cm shows the lowest CV, indicating the optimum SC dispersion. The optimum slump flow was 12.35 and 12.5 cm. That is the concrete with 0.6% WRA. The TG analysis revealed that the addition of 0.6% WRA promoted the hydration of cement. Combined with the XRD and SEM results, the amount of calcium hydroxide (CH) was the least with the concrete of 0.6% WRA addition. Furthermore, the organic substances in SC increased the hydration products. These phenomena indicated that a more homogeneous dispersion of SC and better concrete properties were obtained at a slump flow of 12.35 and 12.5 cm, which can be used in the future.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | SO3 | R2O | Loss (%) | |
OPC | 21.18 | 5.19 | 3.84 | 3.91 | 62.51 | 2.90 | 0.47 | 1.55 |
Medium sand | 99.66 | 0.12 | - | - | 0.11 | - | 0.11 | - |
SC | 54.99 | 20.55 | 14.26 | 3.42 | 2.8 | 3.98 | - | 23.6 |
Group | Water | Cement | Medium Sand | SC | WRA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 144 | 360 | 792 | 144 | 0.00 |
C2 | 144 | 360 | 648 | 288 | 0.00 |
C3 | 144 | 360 | 792 | 144 | 1.44 |
C4 | 144 | 360 | 648 | 288 | 1.44 |
C5 | 144 | 360 | 792 | 144 | 2.16 |
C6 | 144 | 360 | 648 | 288 | 2.16 |
C7 | 144 | 360 | 792 | 144 | 2.88 |
C8 | 144 | 360 | 648 | 288 | 2.88 |
C9 | 144 | 360 | 792 | 144 | 4.32 |
C10 | 144 | 360 | 648 | 288 | 4.32 |
Equation | Types | a | xc | k | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W = a/(1 + e(−k(T−xc))) | C1 | 0.060 | 2.20 | 0.30 | 0.99 |
C2 | 0.058 | 3.35 | 0.36 | 0.99 | |
C3 | 0.071 | 4.02 | 0.45 | 0.99 | |
C4 | 0.092 | 3.96 | 0.40 | 0.99 | |
C5 | 0.058 | 3.88 | 0.41 | 0.99 | |
C6 | 0.058 | 4.01 | 0.40 | 0.99 | |
C7 | 0.062 | 3.57 | 0.40 | 0.99 | |
C8 | 0.068 | 3.76 | 0.37 | 0.99 | |
C9 | 0.11 | 4.39 | 0.37 | 0.99 | |
C10 | 0.11 | 4.49 | 0.37 | 0.99 |
Group | C | O | Si | K | Ca |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 8.48 | 48.26 | 21.78 | 1.98 | 1.74 |
C2 | - | 20.58 | 8.52 | 2.50 | 7.13 |
C3 | 26.05 | 23.52 | 2.02 | - | 36.82 |
C4 | 23.64 | 48.48 | 5.77 | - | 13.30 |
C5 | 7.96 | 61.60 | - | 7.66 | 21.47 |
C6 | 14.55 | 36.99 | 9.49 | 1.53 | 4.55 |
C7 | 8.84 | 46.12 | 18.86 | 2.17 | 1.37 |
C8 | 17.98 | 4.22 | 1.18 | 1.93 | 3.93 |
C9 | 8.76 | 46.53 | 9.47 | 0.19 | 23.88 |
C10 | 40.98 | 7.62 | 0.99 | - | 0.75 |
Group | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | C10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca/Si ratio | 0.08 | 0.84 | 18.23 | 2.31 | 0 | 0.47 | 0.07 | 3.33 | 2.52 | 0.76 |
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Yu, Y.; Xiao, B.; Cao, Z.; Cheng, B.; Peng, X.; Wang, H. The Relationship between the Fresh Sludge Ceramsite Concrete’s Fluidity and the Sludge Ceramsite’s Dispersion. Coatings 2024, 14, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091095
Yu Y, Xiao B, Cao Z, Cheng B, Peng X, Wang H. The Relationship between the Fresh Sludge Ceramsite Concrete’s Fluidity and the Sludge Ceramsite’s Dispersion. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091095
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yehan, Bing Xiao, Zihao Cao, Bingling Cheng, Xi Peng, and Hui Wang. 2024. "The Relationship between the Fresh Sludge Ceramsite Concrete’s Fluidity and the Sludge Ceramsite’s Dispersion" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091095