Effect of Two Types of Chitosan Thermochromic Microcapsules Prepared with Syringaldehyde and Sodium Tripolyphosphate Crosslinking Agents on the Surface Coating Performance of Basswood Board
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Materials
2.2. Microcapsule Preparation Method
2.3. Preparation Method of the Surface Coating on Basswood Board
2.4. Testing and Characterization
2.4.1. Micromorphology Characterization
2.4.2. Chemical Composition Test
2.4.3. Optical Performance Test
2.4.4. Mechanical Properties Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological Analysis
3.1.1. Macroscopic Morphology Analysis
3.1.2. Microtopography Analysis
3.2. Chemical Composition Analysis
3.3. Analysis of the Influence of Microcapsule Content on the Optical Properties of Basswood Surface Coating
3.3.1. Effect of Microcapsule Content on Color Difference of Surface Coating on Basswood Board
3.3.2. Effect of Microcapsule Content on the Glossiness of Surface Coating on Basswood Board
3.3.3. Effect of Microcapsule Content on the Reflectivity of the Surface Coating on Basswood Board
3.4. Analysis of the Effect of Microcapsule Content on the Mechanical Properties of Surface Coating on Basswood Board
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Material | Molecular Formula | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|
Crystal violet lactone | C26H29N3O2 | Wuhan Huaxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China |
Bisphenol A | C15H26O2 | Shanghai APB Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
1-Decanol | C10H22O | Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
Chitosan | (C6H11NO4)n | Shanghai Sinopharm Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | Shanghai Sinopharm Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
(Z)-Sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate (Span-80) | C24H44O6 | Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi, China |
NaOH | NaOH | Fuzhou Feijing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China |
Syringaldehyde | C9H10O4 | Shanghai Een Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
STPP | Na5P3O10 | Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
Test Machine | Machine Model | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|
Electronic balance | JCS-W | Yongkang Huanyu Weighing Equipment Co., Ltd., Yongkang, China |
Heat-collecting constant-temperature heating magnetic stirrer | DF-101S | Shenzhen Dingxinyi Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China |
Ultrasonic emulsifier disperser | TL-650CT | Jiangsu Tianling Instrument Co., Ltd., Yancheng, China |
Small spray dryer | JA-PWGZ100 | Shenyang Jingao Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China |
UV curing machine | CF-11 | Bai De hong En Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China |
Temperature measuring gun | TN400 | Nomi Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China |
Portable color-difference meter | SC-10 | Shanghai Hechen Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
Gloss meter | X-rite ci60 | Shenzhen Lai Te Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China |
Scanning electron microscopy | Quanta-200 | Thermo Fisher Tech., Inc., Shanghai, China |
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer | VERTEX 80V | Bruke Co., Ltd., Karlsruhe, Germany |
UV spectrophotometer | U-3900 | Hitachi Scientific Instruments (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China |
Universal mechanical testing machine | AGS-X | Shimazu Factory, Kyoto, Japan |
Fine roughness tester | J8-4C | Shanghai Taiming Optical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China |
Pencil hardness tester | HT-6510P | Quzhou Aipu Measuring Instrument Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China |
Paint film impactor | QCJ-40 | Quzhou Aipu Measuring Instrument Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China |
Paint film adhesion tester | QFH-A | Quzhou Aipu Measuring Instrument Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China |
Sample (#) | Crosslinking Agent | m(Crystal Violet Lactone)/m(Bisphenol A): m(1-Decanol) | m(Core Material)/m(Wall Material) | Temperature (°C) | Stirring Speed (rpm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | C9H10O4 | 1:3:50 | 3:1 | 60 | 600 |
2 | Na5P3O10 | 1:3:50 | 3:1 | 60 | 600 |
Sample (#) | Chitosan (g) | 1% Acetic Acid (mL) | Color-Changing Compound (g) | Span-80 (g) | Distilled Water (g) | Syringaldehyde (g) | Anhydrous Ethanol (mL) | STPP (g) | Distilled Water (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.8 | 180 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 5.7 | 3.6 | 10 | - | - |
2 | 1.8 | 180 | 5.4 | 0.3 | 5.7 | - | - | 4.5 | 85.5 |
Microcapsule Content (%) | Microcapsule Quantity (g) | UV Primer Quantity (g) |
---|---|---|
0 | 0.00 | 3.00 |
1 | 0.03 | 2.97 |
2 | 0.06 | 2.94 |
3 | 0.09 | 2.91 |
4 | 0.12 | 2.88 |
5 | 0.15 | 2.85 |
7 | 0.21 | 2.79 |
Impact Resistance Level | Variation in Paint Film Surface |
---|---|
1 | No visible changes. |
2 | There are no cracks on the paint film surface, but impact marks are visible. |
3 | There are slight cracks on the paint film surface, usually 1–2 ring cracks or arc cracks. |
4 | There are moderate to severe cracks on the paint film surface, usually 3–4 ring cracks or arc cracks. |
5 | The paint film surface is severely damaged, usually with more than 5 ring cracks, arc cracks, or paint film falling off. |
Microcapsule Content (%) | Colorimetric Parameters | −5 °C | 0 °C | 5 °C | 10 °C | 15 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 35 °C | 40 °C | 45 °C | 50 °C | 55 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 | L | 81.8 | 81.9 | 82.2 | 82.4 | 81.9 | 81.8 | 81.9 | 82.0 | 82.8 | 82.4 | 82.6 | 82.8 | 81.8 |
a | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | |
b | 29.7 | 29.8 | 29.9 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 30.1 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30.5 | |
ΔE | - | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |
1.0 | L | 82.8 | 82.6 | 81.3 | 81.0 | 81.7 | 81.2 | 79.3 | 80.3 | 83.2 | 81.1 | 81.2 | 81.4 | 82.4 |
a | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 6.0 | |
b | 41.6 | 41.6 | 41.4 | 40.4 | 42.5 | 41.7 | 38.9 | 38.7 | 39.5 | 39.9 | 41.0 | 42.1 | 40.5 | |
ΔE | - | 0.3 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.2 | |
2.0 | L | 78.2 | 80.4 | 71.5 | 72.8 | 71.1 | 78.7 | 72.2 | 71.7 | 71.2 | 71.3 | 71.9 | 71.7 | 73.0 |
a | 8.8 | 7.2 | 10.2 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 8.7 | 9.2 | |
b | 42.1 | 43.9 | 38.4 | 37.0 | 40.8 | 45.3 | 37.2 | 36.3 | 36.4 | 35.2 | 37.9 | 38.0 | 37.9 | |
ΔE | - | 3.3 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 6.7 | |
3.0 | L | 77.9 | 78.5 | 77.7 | 72.7 | 71.8 | 71.4 | 69.4 | 68.8 | 69.9 | 71.9 | 68.4 | 68.4 | 69.3 |
a | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 11.8 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 8.3 | |
b | 48.8 | 48.7 | 48.9 | 42.4 | 44.9 | 46.9 | 41.8 | 42.0 | 40.8 | 40.2 | 40.7 | 40.3 | 42.5 | |
ΔE | - | 0.6 | 0.6 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 12.5 | 8.5 | 13.0 | 10.5 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 11.1 | |
4.0 | L | 82.0 | 82.1 | 74.8 | 74.4 | 80.6 | 73.0 | 67.9 | 68.2 | 68.5 | 69.0 | 67.9 | 72.5 | 72.8 |
a | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 5.7 | |
b | 54.9 | 52.7 | 54.3 | 53.9 | 54.1 | 47.2 | 39.6 | 38.2 | 39.7 | 40.2 | 39.6 | 42.3 | 42.1 | |
ΔE | - | 2.3 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 1.7 | 12.0 | 21.0 | 21.7 | 17.0 | 19.8 | 20.9 | 15.8 | 15.8 | |
5.0 | L | 77.8 | 76.2 | 78.7 | 73.9 | 74.5 | 81.7 | 75.4 | 75.6 | 75.2 | 76.6 | 75.4 | 78.0 | 76.1 |
a | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 12.8 | |
b | 56.6 | 56.6 | 56.7 | 55.5 | 55.2 | 59.6 | 56.3 | 56.3 | 55.2 | 58.7 | 57.2 | 59.6 | 58.9 | |
ΔE | - | 1.6 | 1.5 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 8.5 | |
7.0 | L | 77.1 | 76.7 | 74.8 | 71.4 | 71.5 | 70.3 | 69.1 | 67.6 | 67.4 | 68.4 | 67.5 | 67.3 | 68.6 |
a | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 9.1 | |
b | 61.1 | 61.0 | 60.9 | 55.1 | 54.8 | 58.4 | 54.1 | 52.7 | 52.9 | 54.4 | 52.4 | 52.8 | 54.8 | |
ΔE | - | 0.5 | 2.3 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 10.6 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 11.0 | 13.1 | 12.6 | 10.8 |
Microcapsule Content (%) | Colorimetric Parameters | −5 °C | 0 °C | 5 °C | 10 °C | 15 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 35 °C | 40 °C | 45 °C | 50 °C | 55 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 | L | 81.8 | 81.9 | 82.2 | 82.4 | 81.9 | 81.8 | 81.9 | 82.0 | 82.8 | 82.4 | 82.6 | 82.8 | 81.8 |
a | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | |
b | 29.7 | 29.8 | 29.9 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 30.1 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 30.5 | |
ΔE | - | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |
1.0 | L | 73.0 | 74.6 | 69.0 | 73.0 | 73.8 | 69.5 | 69.8 | 68.3 | 68.8 | 68.7 | 69.4 | 71.0 | 72.1 |
a | 8.1 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 9.4 | |
b | 21.3 | 21.5 | 21.2 | 22.2 | 23.1 | 19.3 | 20.9 | 19.7 | 18.6 | 20.3 | 20.8 | 21.6 | 21.0 | |
ΔE | - | 1.6 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | |
2.0 | L | 74.9 | 75.3 | 74.7 | 74.8 | 73.8 | 82.7 | 78.4 | 79.3 | 78.1 | 78.5 | 78.7 | 84.6 | 78.6 |
a | 8.6 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 7.2 | |
b | 28.8 | 28.8 | 28.0 | 33.1 | 28.0 | 32.7 | 29.6 | 30.1 | 28.8 | 26.9 | 29.1 | 32.4 | 28.9 | |
ΔE | - | 0.4 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 9.0 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 2.8 | 10.7 | 3.8 | |
3.0 | L | 72.1 | 71.8 | 70.7 | 73.9 | 74.5 | 74.2 | 70.9 | 71.7 | 71.1 | 71.5 | 71.9 | 70.7 | 71.1 |
a | 10.9 | 13.8 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 14.8 | 12.1 | 9.0 | 10.0 | |
b | 22.0 | 23.1 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 23.1 | 24.0 | 21.4 | 21.1 | 21.8 | 22.7 | 22.8 | 19.6 | 21.1 | |
ΔE | - | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 3.4 | 1.6 | |
4.0 | L | 76.1 | 80.8 | 82.0 | 74.1 | 80.2 | 81.3 | 78.1 | 70.7 | 71.8 | 74.1 | 73.7 | 73.0 | 73.7 |
a | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 9.4 | |
b | 31.1 | 30.9 | 32.3 | 25.7 | 31.6 | 32.3 | 28.0 | 25.6 | 28.8 | 24.0 | 23.3 | 23.2 | 24.4 | |
ΔE | - | 1.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 7.8 | 5.1 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 8.8 | 7.8 | |
5.0 | L | 76.6 | 84.2 | 76.2 | 76.4 | 77.1 | 83.8 | 72.6 | 69.8 | 71.5 | 75.3 | 70.0 | 71.4 | 75.3 |
a | 6.9 | 5.5 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 11.0 | 7.1 | 9.0 | |
b | 22.6 | 21.5 | 20.7 | 23.6 | 25.7 | 21.6 | 23.7 | 21.4 | 25.6 | 25.5 | 23.0 | 22.7 | 25.6 | |
ΔE | - | 7.7 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 7.5 | 4.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 5.2 | 3.9 | |
7.0 | L | 74.6 | 73.0 | 74.8 | 78.3 | 71.8 | 71.8 | 73.9 | 72.7 | 74.2 | 77.2 | 76.9 | 73.1 | 78.9 |
a | 9.1 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 10.2 | 15.4 | 9.0 | 13.0 | 7.9 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 4.6 | |
b | 34.1 | 32.6 | 29.4 | 35.4 | 34.6 | 31.2 | 33.1 | 31.1 | 33.3 | 33.8 | 40.0 | 31.8 | 36.1 | |
ΔE | - | 2.5 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 6.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 3.9 | 6.5 |
Difference Source | SS | df | MS | F | p-Value | Fcrit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
content | 176.0271429 | 6 | 29.33785714 | 1.541605675 | 0.306188138 | 4.283865714 |
crosslinking agent | 106.4257143 | 1 | 106.4257143 | 5.592313178 | 0.055915742 | 5.987377607 |
error | 114.1842857 | 6 | 19.03071429 | |||
total | 396.6371429 | 13 |
Sample | Microcapsule Content (%) | Gloss at 20° (GU) | Gloss at 60°(GU) | Gloss at 85° (GU) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basswood surface coating with 1# microcapsules added | 0.0 | 9.3 | 37.7 | 34.8 |
1.0 | 8.6 | 36.0 | 38.3 | |
2.0 | 9.6 | 38.7 | 45.9 | |
3.0 | 14.8 | 46.5 | 43.5 | |
4.0 | 12.7 | 45 | 44.1 | |
5.0 | 10.4 | 40.2 | 43.8 | |
7.0 | 17.1 | 49.2 | 55.5 | |
Basswood surface coating with 2# microcapsules added | 0.0 | 9.3 | 37.7 | 34.8 |
1.0 | 25.3 | 64.9 | 68.2 | |
2.0 | 36.0 | 76.9 | 81.2 | |
3.0 | 32.0 | 66.2 | 69.3 | |
4.0 | 22.9 | 61.4 | 60.0 | |
5.0 | 17.9 | 60.0 | 63.5 | |
7.0 | 16.3 | 53.2 | 67.4 |
Sample | Microcapsule Content (%) | Visible Light Reflectance (%) |
---|---|---|
Basswood surface coating with 1# microcapsules added | 0 | 64.57 |
1.0 | 60.33 | |
2.0 | 58.66 | |
4.0 | 57.06 | |
5.0 | 59.45 | |
7.0 | 54.64 |
Sample | Microcapsule Content (%) | Hardness | Adhesion Level (Level) | Impact Resistance Level (Level) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basswood surface coating with 1# microcapsules added | 0.0 | 2H | 5 | 3 |
1.0 | 2H | 5 | 4 | |
2.0 | 2H | 5 | 4 | |
3.0 | 4H | 5 | 3 | |
4.0 | 3H | 5 | 3 | |
5.0 | H | 5 | 4 | |
7.0 | H | 5 | 4 | |
Basswood surface coating with 2# microcapsules added | 0.0 | 2H | 5 | 3 |
1.0 | 4H | 5 | 3 | |
2.0 | 3B | 5 | 4 | |
3.0 | H | 5 | 3 | |
4.0 | 4H | 5 | 3 | |
5.0 | 2H | 5 | 4 | |
7.0 | H | 5 | 4 |
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Hang, J.; Zhang, B.; Fan, H.; Yan, X.; Li, J. Effect of Two Types of Chitosan Thermochromic Microcapsules Prepared with Syringaldehyde and Sodium Tripolyphosphate Crosslinking Agents on the Surface Coating Performance of Basswood Board. Coatings 2024, 14, 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091118
Hang J, Zhang B, Fan H, Yan X, Li J. Effect of Two Types of Chitosan Thermochromic Microcapsules Prepared with Syringaldehyde and Sodium Tripolyphosphate Crosslinking Agents on the Surface Coating Performance of Basswood Board. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091118
Chicago/Turabian StyleHang, Jingyi, Bo Zhang, Hongwei Fan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Jun Li. 2024. "Effect of Two Types of Chitosan Thermochromic Microcapsules Prepared with Syringaldehyde and Sodium Tripolyphosphate Crosslinking Agents on the Surface Coating Performance of Basswood Board" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091118