A Narrative Review: Modification of Bio-Based Wood Adhesive for Performance Improvement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Improvement of Bond Strength Performance
2.1. Protein-Based Adhesives
2.2. Lignin-Based Adhesives
2.3. Tannin-Based Adhesives
2.4. Polysaccharide-Based Adhesives
3. Improvement of Water Resistance
3.1. Protein-Based Adhesives
3.2. Lignin-Based Adhesives
3.3. Tannin-Based Adhesives
4. Antimicrobial Performance
4.1. Protein-Based Adhesives
4.2. Tannin-Based Adhesives
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Bio-based adhesives offer a diverse array of raw material origins and possess the advantages of being renewable and degradable. Their development and application can address the problems of organic volatile emissions and reliance on fossil resources inherent in synthetic resin adhesives. The primary challenge lies in overcoming the bonding performance, water resistance, and mold resistance of bio-based adhesives during their use.
- (2)
- This paper presents a review of recent developments in the functional modification of bio-based adhesives. It provides a solution to the issues of formaldehyde release and excessive reliance on fossil resources for synthetic resin-based adhesives. The modification of bio-based adhesives leads to significant improvement in bonding performance, waterproofing performance, and mold resistance, which could be achieved by constructing multiple network structures, adding chemical reagents, and introducing functional groups. However, some of these modification methods have limitations, such as the corrosive nature of the modifying reagents, the high price of the modifying reagents, and the complexity of the modification steps. More research and development can be conducted in the future on the topic of modification methods for bio-based adhesives that can solve these problems.
- (3)
- The functional modification of bio-based adhesive could significantly expand the utilization scope of this adhesive in various areas. It can be employed as an alternative to traditional aldehyde-based resin adhesive. Furthermore, some of these bio-based adhesives have been employed in wood-based composite preparation, thereby facilitating the development of eco-friendly material manufacture. However, in the wood processing area, bio-based adhesives still have some problems, such as high viscosity and poor stability, which urgently need to be solved to improve their comprehensive performances. Fortunately, many researchers have an interest in the research of bio-based adhesives, which could be used in various fields. This will promote the green development of the wood industry.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adhesives | Modification Methods | Test Methods | Substrates | Bond strength (MPa) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protein-based | Dual network by cationic interactions | Three-ply GB/T 17657-2013 | Poplar | 1.50 | [24] |
Increasing intermolecular interactions | Three-ply GB/T 17657-2013 | Poplar | 1.96 | [22] | |
High-pressure homogenization to process | Three-ply GB/T 17657-2013 | Poplar | 1.03 | [23] | |
Lignin-based | Phenol modification and combination of DVE-3 | Two-ply Not mentioned | Walnut lumber | 12.87 | [29] |
Ghaldolization and phenolization | Two-ply Not mentioned | Walnut lumber | 6.27 | [32] | |
Phenol-modified and cross-linking reactions | Two-ply GB/T 14732-2017 | Not mentioned | 6.27 | [30] | |
Tannin-based | Depolymerized tannins combine with PEI | Three-ply Not mentioned | Poplar | 1.44 | [33] |
Condense tannin- functionalized boronnitride | Three-ply GB/T 17657–2013 | Poplar | 1.67 | [34] |
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Yu, C.; Chen, Y.; Li, R.; Jiang, J.; Wang, X. A Narrative Review: Modification of Bio-Based Wood Adhesive for Performance Improvement. Coatings 2024, 14, 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091153
Yu C, Chen Y, Li R, Jiang J, Wang X. A Narrative Review: Modification of Bio-Based Wood Adhesive for Performance Improvement. Coatings. 2024; 14(9):1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091153
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Caizhi, Yi Chen, Renjie Li, Jun Jiang, and Xiang Wang. 2024. "A Narrative Review: Modification of Bio-Based Wood Adhesive for Performance Improvement" Coatings 14, no. 9: 1153. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091153