Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Sample Preparation
2.2. NSS Exposure
2.3. Particle Induced ϒ (PIGE) and X-ray Emission (PIXE)
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3. Results
3.1. Characterisation of the Primer Prior to Leaching
3.1.1. SEM/EDS
3.1.2. PIXE/PIGE
3.2. NSS Exposure and Li Depletion in the Primer
3.2.1. SEM/EDS
3.2.2. PIXE/PIGE
3.3. Measurement of Li-Depletion
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
References
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Element | Li2CO3 (mg/kg) | TiO2 (%m/m) | MgO (mg/kg) | BaSO4 (%m/m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al | 5 | 1.4 | 70–77 | 0.1 |
Ca | 91–98 | – | 1500–1900 | 0.1 |
Na | 660–810 | – | 180–210 | 0.4 |
Ba | 2 | – | 2–5 | res |
Si | – | – | – | 0.4 |
Sr | – | – | – | 0.9 |
Ti | – | – | – | 0.1 |
Zr | – | 0.4 | – | – |
Fe | 2 | – | 73–78 | – |
Mn | – | – | 13–15 | – |
Ni | – | – | 5–6 | – |
K | 400–700 | – | 200–300 | – |
Mg | 39–40 | – | – | 1 |
Additive | 10% | 50% | 90% | 99% |
---|---|---|---|---|
MgO | 3.91 | 8.48 | 14.58 | 20.23 |
Li2CO3 | 4.78 | 8.87 | 13.44 | 18.26 |
TiO2 | 3.22 | 5.64 | 8.84 | 13.94 |
BaSO4 | 3.82 | 6.48 | 10.19 | 49.68 |
Particle Type | No NSS | 500 h NSS |
---|---|---|
BaSO4 (Ba:S:O) | 1.00:1.04 ± 0.05:3.89 ± 0.71 | 1.00:0.98 ± 0.01:3.51 ± 0.26 |
Mg-(hydr)oxide (Mg:O) | 1.00:1.64 ± 0.11 | 1.00:0.93 ± 0.15 |
Li2CO3 (O:C) | 1.72 ± 0.21 | 2.02 ± 0.32 |
Sample | Total Thickness (μm) | Skin Layer (μm) | Homogenously Depleted Zone (μm) | Deepest Depletion (μm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SEM No NSS | 33.5 ± 5 | 3–4 | – | – |
PIXE/PIGE No NSS | 33.7 ± 2.5 | Up to 5 | – | – |
PIXE/PIGE 500 h NSS | 45.4 ± 6.5 | – | 11 ± 8 | 25 |
SEM 500 h NSS | 32.6 ± 1.0 | – | 9–12 | Film thickness |
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Hughes, A.; Laird, J.; Ryan, C.; Visser, P.; Terryn, H.; Mol, A. Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating. Coatings 2017, 7, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7070106
Hughes A, Laird J, Ryan C, Visser P, Terryn H, Mol A. Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating. Coatings. 2017; 7(7):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7070106
Chicago/Turabian StyleHughes, Anthony, James Laird, Chris Ryan, Peter Visser, Herman Terryn, and Arjan Mol. 2017. "Particle Characterisation and Depletion of Li2CO3 Inhibitor in a Polyurethane Coating" Coatings 7, no. 7: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7070106