First Observations of Buzzards (Buteo) as Definitive Hosts of Sarcocystis Parasites Forming Cysts in the Brain Tissues of Rodents in Lithuania
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Trapping of Small Mammals
2.2. Morphological Examination of Sarcocystis spp. from Brain Tissues of Small Mammals
2.3. Genetic Characterization of Sarcocystis spp. Detected in Small Mammals
2.4. Collection of Buteo Buzzards
2.5. Morphological Examination of Sarcocystis spp. from Intestines of Buteo Buzzards
2.6. The Genetic Identification of Sarcocystis spp. from Intestines of Buteo Buzzards
2.7. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.8. Statistical Tests
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence and Parasite Load of Sarcocystis spp. in Small Mammals
3.2. Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of Sarcocystis spp. in Brain Tissues of Small Mammals
3.3. Morphological Characterisation of Sarcocystis spp. Sporocysts/Oocysts Found in Intestines of Buteo Buzzards
3.4. Molecular Investigation of Sarcocystis spp. Detected in Intestines of Buteo Hawks
3.5. Phylogenetic Relationships of Examined Sarcocystis Species
4. Discussion
4.1. Sarcocystis Parasites in the Brain Tissues of Rodents
4.2. Buteo Buzzards as Definitive Hosts of Sarcocystis spp.
4.3. Genetic Identification of Sarcocystis sp. Rod3 and Sarcocystis sp. Rod4
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Orientation | Primer Sequence | Type of PCR | Ta | LP | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KL-P1F | Forward | TACCCGCTGAACTTAAGCAT | conventional | 52 | ~1000 | [35] |
KL-P1R | Reverse | CCCAAGTTTGACGAACGATT | conventional | |||
Sgrau281 | Forward | GAACAGGGAAGAGCTCAAAGTG | nested | 63 | ~900 | [37] |
Sgrau282 | Reverse | GGTTTCCCCTGACTTCATTCTAC | nested | |||
GsSglaF1 | Forward | GCAAAATGTGTGGTAAGTTTCACAT | nested | 61 | ~560 | Present study |
GsSglaR1 | Reverse | CCCTCTAAAAAGATGTTACCCTTCT | nested | |||
GsSmicF1 | Forward | TGTGGTAAGTTTCACATAAGGCTAA | nested | 61 | ~550 | |
GsSmicR1 | Reverse | CTTTCTAAAAAGATGTACCTTCTCCT | nested |
Investigation Sites | DR, % | DR CI | Species | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. agr | A. fla | C. gla | M. agr | M. arv | A. oec | M. min | M. mus | N. fod | S. ara | S. min | |||
1. Aukštikalniai | 16.7 | 0.4–64.1 | 6 (1) | 7 (0) | |||||||||
2. Bileišiai | 10.0 | 5.7–15.9 | 1 (0) | 150 (15) | 5 (0) | 16 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 16 (0) | 31 (0) | |||
3. Juodkrantė | 9 (0) | ||||||||||||
4. Kamasta | 22.5 | 10.8–38.5 | 40 (9) | 1 (0) | 3 (0) | 10 (0) | 8 (0) | ||||||
5. Kukinis | 12.5 | 0.3–52.6 | 8 (1) | 2 (0) | 5 (0) | 3 (0) | 1 (0) | ||||||
6. Lukštas | 2.1 | 0.1–11.3 | 1 (0) | 47 (1) | 1 (0) | 7 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | 3 (0) | |||
7. Mieliūnai | 5 (0) | 2 (0) | 53 (0) | 4 (0) | 21 (0) | 3 (0) | |||||||
8. Sudervė | 24 (0) | 21 (0) | 1 (0) | 5 (0) | 6 (0) | 4 (0) | 1 (0) | ||||||
9. Šešuolėliai | 7.7 | 0.2–36.0 | 13 (1) | ||||||||||
10. Utena | 7.6 | 2.5–16.8 | 66 (5) | 4 (0) | 30 (0) | 5 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 7 (0) | 10 (0) | ||
11. Vilnius | 5 (0) | ||||||||||||
12. Zabarauskai | 20.0 | 0.5–71.6 | 5 (1) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | ||||||||
13. Žiežmariai | 4 (0) | 1 (0) | |||||||||||
Total: | 5 (0) | 2 (0) | 374 (34) | 14 (0) | 144 (0) | 11 (0) | 3 (0) | 33 (0) | 9 (0) | 45 (0) | 54 (0) |
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Prakas, P.; Jasiulionis, M.; Šukytė, T.; Juozaitytė-Ngugu, E.; Stirkė, V.; Balčiauskas, L.; Butkauskas, D. First Observations of Buzzards (Buteo) as Definitive Hosts of Sarcocystis Parasites Forming Cysts in the Brain Tissues of Rodents in Lithuania. Biology 2024, 13, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040264
Prakas P, Jasiulionis M, Šukytė T, Juozaitytė-Ngugu E, Stirkė V, Balčiauskas L, Butkauskas D. First Observations of Buzzards (Buteo) as Definitive Hosts of Sarcocystis Parasites Forming Cysts in the Brain Tissues of Rodents in Lithuania. Biology. 2024; 13(4):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040264
Chicago/Turabian StylePrakas, Petras, Marius Jasiulionis, Tautvilė Šukytė, Evelina Juozaitytė-Ngugu, Vitalijus Stirkė, Linas Balčiauskas, and Dalius Butkauskas. 2024. "First Observations of Buzzards (Buteo) as Definitive Hosts of Sarcocystis Parasites Forming Cysts in the Brain Tissues of Rodents in Lithuania" Biology 13, no. 4: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040264