Circuit Modelling of Broadband Antenna Using Vector Fitting and Foster Form Approaches for IoT Applications
, Khaoula Ait Belaid 1, Sarosh Ahmad 2,*, Hassan Belahrach 1,3, Abdelilah Ghammaz 1, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi 4 and Naser Ojaroudi Parchin 5,*Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
1. For simulation parameters, it is more appropriate to use tables to describe and explain them.
2. For the convenience of viewing and contacting the contents, the formulas, pictures and chapters appearing in the text should be in the label format in latex.
3. In order to understand the content of the manuscript, the formula derivation process needs to be further detailed.
4. References [30-32] are not cited in the manuscript.
5. Some future work can be appropriately added in Section 5.
6. Please check all the commas and periods after the equations in the manuscript since they are all missing.
7. There are many format problems in the manuscript that need to be modified. I list a few of them as follows but a proofreading is strongly recommended throughout the manuscript.
(1) The variable should be expressed in italics. Please check the subscript format of the variable in the full text;
(2) The format of many pictures, such as title, legend and size, is not uniform. Please add them according to the standard format of pictures; Some picture backgrounds have lines unrelated to the curve, please check whether they are necessary. As shown in Figures 2, 5, 6 and 9 (b). In addition, the bold line segment in Figure 9 (a) is used to represent resistance? When there are many pictures in a group, vertical arrangement is a good choice; Please pay attention to the unclear font in some pictures and formulas;
(3) The layout of some paragraphs is confused, and punctuation marks are missing. Please check carefully. The upper and lower paragraphs of line 57 have a large space;
(4) There are some problems about English abbreviations, when the abbreviation appears for the first time, the full name should be given. Please check carefully.
(5) In order to make the layout of the article more orderly, it is suggested to adjust the position of formulas and labels in the manuscript.
Author Response
- For simulation parameters, it is more appropriate to use tables to describe and explain them.
Response: As the respected review mentioned that it is more appropriate to use tables to describe and explain the simulation parameters. But, we think that the mentioned simulation parameters in the figures as they are in simulation software are more practical and easy-understanding, also we avoid tables to reduce the number of pages, and remove much redundant information.
- For the convenience of viewing and contacting the contents, the formulas, pictures, and chapters appearing in the text should be in the label format in latex.
Response: A new paragraph on limitations was included in the discussion section. See changes in Yellow.
- In order to understand the content of the manuscript, the formula derivation process needs to be further detailed.
Response: we made changes in the methodology section and discussion to address this comment.
- References [30-32] are not cited in the manuscript.
All the references are cited in the revised version.
- Some future work can be appropriately added in Section 5.
Response: Thank you for pointing this out, but we are not able to add the information suggested about the future work, we are working on transient radiated power waveforms of the antenna in emission and in reception using the generated circuits but the conclusions are not clear yet.
- Please check all the commas and periods after the equations in the manuscript since they are all missing.
Response: Thanks for your comment. We have made revisions accordingly.
- There are many format problems in the manuscript that need to be modified. I list a few of them as follows but proofreading is strongly recommended throughout the manuscript.
(1) The variable should be expressed in italics. Please check the subscript format of the variable in the full text;
Response: Revised accordingly, see changes in yellow.
(2) The format of many pictures, such as title, legend and size, is not uniform. Please add them according to the standard format of pictures; Some picture backgrounds have lines unrelated to the curve, please check whether they are necessary. As shown in Figures 2, 5, 6 and 9 (b). In addition, the bold line segment in Figure 9 (a) is used to represent resistance? When there are many pictures in a group, vertical arrangement is a good choice; Please pay attention to the unclear font in some pictures and formulas;
Response: Thank you very much for pointing this out. We revised accordingly all your comments. See changes in yellow.
For Figures 2, 5, 6 and 9 (b) backgrounds have lines is due the ADS software backgrounds.
(3) The layout of some paragraphs is confused, and punctuation marks are missing. Please check carefully. The upper and lower paragraphs of line 57 have a large space;
Response: Thank you very much for the comment. We did our best to correct these mistakes.
(4) There are some problems about English abbreviations, when the abbreviation appears for the first time, the full name should be given. Please check carefully.
Response: Thank you for reviewing our manuscript. We went through the entire manuscript to check the abbreviations.
(5) In order to make the layout of the article more orderly, it is suggested to adjust the position of formulas and labels in the manuscript.
Response: We appreciate your comment, the position of formulas and labels in the manuscript are adjusted.
Reviewer 2 Report
1. Recent references not found in the paper. Also, all the references must be cited.
2. In incorporating the following compartmentalization within the abstract,
Objectives of the proposed work (in less than 30 words),
Methods/Statistical Analysis (should be less than 70 words) Include the method adapted to study the objectives/sampling details or simulation or statistical analysis of data; technique employed; mention unique/essential points of modification of methodology in the current study. Mention test samples the control employed or the approach used for comparing the test sample,
Findings (in less than 170 words) Mention your conclusions in the form of statements along with the conclusive data of statistical importance; Mention how your findings are unique and novel; how your conclusions are in consensus with the existing values/ reports or how different are they from the already reported findings. Highlight how your results are helpful in adding more value to the existing reports,
Application/Improvements(in less than 30 words)
3. Introduction - Please clearly summarize what specific advantages bring the presented approach. Try specific and build a case for your research (focus on novelty). This should be presented in at least one paragraph.
4. Separate related work sections must be included in the manuscript.
5. The abbreviation many times has been not written appropriately. Kindly update the complete manuscript.
6. Results section significance should be discussed and justify the same.
Author Response
- Recent references not found in the paper. Also, all the references must be cited.
Response: Thank you for your comment, We would like to mention that during the last few years, people have been moving away from this part of the equivalent electrical modeling of antennas. That's why just 14 references are between 2016 and 2022, while the basic references are lasting the first two decades of the 2000s.
All the references are cited in the revised version.
- In incorporating the following compartmentalization within the abstract,
Objectives of the proposed work (in less than 30 words),
Methods/Statistical Analysis (should be less than 70 words) Include the method adapted to study the objectives/sampling details or simulation or statistical analysis of data; technique employed; mention unique/essential points of modification of methodology in the current study. Mention test samples the control employed or the approach used for comparing the test sample,
Findings (in less than 170 words) Mention your conclusions in the form of statements along with the conclusive data of statistical importance; Mention how your findings are unique and novel; how your conclusions are in consensus with the existing values/ reports or how different are they from the already reported findings. Highlight how your results are helpful in adding more value to the existing reports,
Application/Improvements (in less than 30 words)
Response: We have read your comments carefully and tried our best to address them one by one, we revised the Abstract as follows:
“Computation of the broadband antenna impedance behavior requires the wideband lumped equivalent circuit. This work aims to provide a comprehensive study of a broadband antenna equivalent circuit models over broad frequency ranges for Internet of Things (IoT) applications using multiple approaches. The first approach is a Foster approximation, which is it is based on the antenna-simulated scattering parameters and impedance data. The second concerns a Vector fitting approximation, which is based on the antenna-simulated impedance/admittance data. The studied antenna is modeled based on the radiating element’s geometry and the multifractal slots, in addition to the DGS (partial ground plane) effects. Applying these techniques, wideband lumped equivalent circuits of the antenna have been computed which are in good agreement with measurement data. These models could be useful for the enhancement of the performance of a broadband antenna, and its systematic design as well as offering the advantage of saving computation time for full-wave EM simulations and facilitating the solution of problems that have both an electromagnetic part as well as a circuit part. For further analysis, the Gaussian pulse has been generated to drive a time domain analysis of the antenna current and power response waveforms.”
See changes in Yellow.
- Introduction - Please clearly summarize what specific advantages bring the presented approach. Try specific and build a case for your research (focus on novelty). This should be presented in at least one paragraph.
Response: A new paragraph on limitations was included in the Introduction as follows:
“The aim of this work is to review the most important circuit synthesis approaches to derive lumped equivalent circuits for a broadband antenna based on frequency domain S-parameters/Admittance/ impedance data. The lumped equivalent circuit of the designed antenna is derived from the rational approximation of its frequency domain response using Foster approximation, the Vector Fitting approach, and based on antenna geometry and substrate characteristics. Subsequently, the derived equivalent circuits are simulated in Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The accuracy of the models has been validated by comparing their transient response with the antenna measurement result. Afterward, the model’s transient response is driven, and a time-domain analysis is performed to study the voltage, current, and power response waveforms of the antenna equivalent circuit. The generated models can then be connected to linear or non-linear devices or localized elements to analyze the electromagnetic problems in the circuits associated with the antenna. The model can be used for any SPICE-based simulator tools; hence, it can be used in the co-design of the transmitter and receiver in circuit simulators.”
See changes in Yellow.
- Separate related work sections must be included in the manuscript.
Response: Thank you for the reminder. Unfortunately, a comparison with the related works is not applicable, we didn’t find a systematic methodological-related work in previous literature.
- The abbreviation many times has been not written appropriately. Kindly update the complete manuscript.
Response: Thank you very much for your suggestion. It is revised accordingly.
- Results section significance should be discussed and justify the same.
Response: Thank you very much for the reminder, but we believe that this discussion may be too technical for this analysis paper.
Round 2
Reviewer 1 Report
No futher comments.
