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Volume 12
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10.3390/electronics12010106
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Article

Building Penetration Losses at 3.5 GHz: Dependence on Polarization and Incidence Angle

by
Manuel García Sánchez
*,
Carlos Iglesias
,
Iñigo Cuiñas
and
Isabel Expósito
Atlantic Research Centre, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2023, 12(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010106
Submission received: 10 November 2022 / Revised: 15 December 2022 / Accepted: 23 December 2022 / Published: 27 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wireless Networks and Mobile Systems)
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Abstract

We measured and analyzed the building penetration losses for four different kinds of facades as a function of the incidence angle and polarization at 3.5 GHz, which is a frequency of interest for fifth generation (5G) communication systems. Results show that the attenuation may vary up to 8 dB with the incidence angle, which justifies the need for an angular characterization of the penetration losses, going beyond the simpler characterization used for normal incidence. We also found that there is a relevant polarization dependence of this attenuation, as electromagnetic theory predicts for wave transmission across flat discontinuities and even across flat dielectric slabs. Results would be of interest for the network design of future 5G base stations using orthogonal polarizations.
Keywords: 5G; incidence angle; penetration losses; polarization 5G; incidence angle; penetration losses; polarization

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MDPI and ACS Style

García Sánchez, M.; Iglesias, C.; Cuiñas, I.; Expósito, I. Building Penetration Losses at 3.5 GHz: Dependence on Polarization and Incidence Angle. Electronics 2023, 12, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010106

AMA Style

García Sánchez M, Iglesias C, Cuiñas I, Expósito I. Building Penetration Losses at 3.5 GHz: Dependence on Polarization and Incidence Angle. Electronics. 2023; 12(1):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010106

Chicago/Turabian Style

García Sánchez, Manuel, Carlos Iglesias, Iñigo Cuiñas, and Isabel Expósito. 2023. "Building Penetration Losses at 3.5 GHz: Dependence on Polarization and Incidence Angle" Electronics 12, no. 1: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010106

APA Style

García Sánchez, M., Iglesias, C., Cuiñas, I., & Expósito, I. (2023). Building Penetration Losses at 3.5 GHz: Dependence on Polarization and Incidence Angle. Electronics, 12(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010106

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