Study on Thermal Characteristics of Winding under Inter-Turn Fault of Oil-Immersed Transformer

The inter-turn fault is a common fault of oil-immersed transformers. Due to the deterioration of inter-turn insulation, its resistance decreases, which leads to an increase in the winding coil current and loss, causing the winding temperature to rise. Therefore, analyzing the electrothermal characteristics of inter-turn short circuit faults in oil-immersed transformers can provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of inter-turn faults in transformers. This paper studies the equivalent circuit under inter-turn faults and establishes a field–circuit coupling model to calculate the current characteristics under different inter-turn short circuit faults of transformers. The distribution of coil losses under faults is calculated as thermal source excitations, and a thermal–fluid-coupled calculation model for oil-immersed transformers is established. After the experimental verification, it is found that both the errors between the winding and tank surface temperatures do not exceed the acceptable limits, validating the effectiveness of this model. Using this model to calculate the temperature distribution for various inter-turn short circuit faults in transformers reveals their hot-spot characteristics. The results indicate that under inter-turn fault conditions, the temperature at faulty turns will gradually increase towards a limit, eventually leading to coil damage. This research provides theoretical support for enhancing transformer detection and diagnostic capabilities.