Blockchain-Based Spectrum Sharing Algorithm for UAV-Assisted Relay System

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promising tools in mobile communication due to their flexibility. However, the rapid development of mobile communications further intensifies the challenge of spectrum scarcity, necessitating spectrum sharing with other systems. We suggest a Spectrum Sharing Algorithm for a UAV-Assisted Relay System. The utility function of secondary users (SUs) is defined by their communication rate, rewards from relay primary users (PUs), and spectrum leasing expenses. The utility function of PUs consists of their communication rate and revenue from spectrum leasing. We propose a joint optimization algorithm for the positioning and power allocation of UAVs, maximizing the frequency spectrum utilization rate of users. Spectrum trading between PUs and SUs is modeled as a Stackelberg game, and the problem is solved by using Lagrange multipliers and KKT conditions. To enhance the security of spectrum trading, a reputation-based spectrum sharing blockchain consensus algorithm is designed. We utilize Shamir’s secret sharing method to reduce computational complexity. Additionally, we design a smart contract to optimize the functionality of transaction transfers. The findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm enhances the benefits for both participants in spectrum sharing, while safeguarding the security of spectrum transactions.